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首页> 外文期刊>Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France >ESTIMATION DES DENSITES DE POPULATIONS DE MACRO-MAMMIFERES DE LA RESERVE D'IPASSA-MAKOKOU (GABON)
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ESTIMATION DES DENSITES DE POPULATIONS DE MACRO-MAMMIFERES DE LA RESERVE D'IPASSA-MAKOKOU (GABON)

机译：IPASSA-MAKOKOU保护区（加蓬）的宏观哺乳动物的估计密度

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摘要

The UNESCO reserve Man and Biosphere (MAB) of Ipassa-Makou, located in north-east Gabon (Central Africa), was well studied by the scientists of the CNRS (Centre national de la recherche scientifique) from 1963 to 1985 (more than 400 publications, collections, an herbarium, a scientific journal Biologica gabonica and infrastructures which could receive scientists in the forest). In consequence, the vertebrate fauna of the reserve is particularly well known: 128 mammal species, 424 bird species, 65 reptile species and 47 amphibian species. Unfortunately, the reserve was abandoned by the CNRS in 1985 and by scientists in general. Since that time, the reserve has been submitted to high human pressures (poaching, agriculture). The main goal of this study is to survey the present reserve faunistic resources. In order to estimate the densities of some species of macro-mammals still present in the reserve, we conducted line-transect censures. We censured elephants, monkeys and duikers because they are the main preoccupation of researchers and wildlife managers in African rain forests. We conducted censures during two periods between 2000 (May-September) and 2001 (April-June). Eight censures were carried out on each side of the Niabare River in order to cover the reserve (100 km~2). Each census route covered 5 km and we walked each census five times. We used identical methods during censures. Observers conducted all censures between 07:30 and 12:30 h. During each census, we walked slowly, travelling approximately 1 km per h, and pausing at regular intervals to scan the forest. Data were obtained from direct (individuals or group of individuals sighted) and indirect (chimpanzee and gorilla nests, elephant dung piles) observations. Results indicate that, in spite of high human pressure, all the large taxe are still present in the reserve. The densities observed are generally similar to those found in African rain forests. Nevertheless, some local variations were detected. The most abundant cerco-pithecines species present in the reserve are greater white-nosed monkeys (Cercopithecus nictitans) (56,43 ind/km~2), moustached monkeys (Cercopithecus cephus) (19.08 ind/km~2) and mona monkeys (Cercopithecus pogonias) (7.07 ind/km~2). If greater white-nosed monkeys are the most abundant diurnal primates present in the reserve, it is not the case in the north-east Gabon forests where mona monkeys are more numerous. On the contrary to the cercopithecines, duikers densities are relatively low. The estimated density of blue duikers (Cephalophus monticola) is 8.04 ind/km~2. Nevertheless, in the eighties, densities were estimated to be over than 50 ind/km~2. This result indicates that blue duikers may have experienced significant reduction over the past 20 years at Ipassa-Makokou. Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) are still present in the reserve while they have disappreared upstream of the Ivindo great river. Estimate of lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla) density is 0.75 ind/km~2 and is greater than that previously censured in the region (0.44 ind/km~2). This difference may be explained by the fact that a group of individuals would have crossed the reserve during the census period. Estimates of elephant (Loxodonta africana) abundance from indirect (dung piles) and direct observations are respectively 0.58 ind/km~2 and 1.10 ind/km~2. These densities are in the range of those censured in West Africa (Ghana, Ivory Coast and Central African Republic) All these results confer a particular interest on this reserve which is located near the town of Makokou and which can serve as a model for conservation purposes in the region.
机译：位于加蓬东北部（中部非洲）的联合国教科文组织保护区“伊帕萨-马库”（人与生物圈）（MAB）在1963年至1985年间受到CNRS（国家科学中心）科学家的研究。 （超过400种出版物，藏品，植物标本室，科学期刊Biologica gabonica以及可以在森林中接待科学家的基础设施）。因此，该保护区的脊椎动物区系是众所周知的：128种哺乳动物，424种鸟类，65种爬行动物和47种两栖动物。不幸的是，该保护区于1985年被CNRS和广大科学家所放弃。自那时以来，该储备一直承受着巨大的人为压力（偷猎，农业）。这项研究的主要目的是调查目前的储备主义资源。为了估算仍存在于保护区中的某些大型哺乳动物的密度，我们进行了线状断层调查。我们谴责大象，猴子和独木舟，因为它们是非洲雨林中研究人员和野生动植物管理者的主要任务。我们在2000年（5月至9月）和2001年（4月至6月）的两个时期进行了指责。为了覆盖保护区（100 km〜2），在尼亚巴雷河的两侧进行了八次谴责。每个人口普查路线覆盖5公里，我们每个人口普查走了5次。我们在谴责期间使用了相同的方法。观察员在07:30至12:30 h之间进行了所有指责。在每次人口普查期间，我们走得很慢，每小时大约行驶1公里，并定期暂停扫描森林。数据是从直接（个人或有见识的个人）和间接（黑猩猩和大猩猩巢，大象粪堆）观察中获得的。结果表明，尽管人为压力很大，但所有大型出租车仍然存在于保护区中。观察到的密度通常与非洲雨林中的密度相似。尽管如此，仍检测到一些局部变化。该保护区中存在的最丰富的cer-pithecines物种是较大的白鼻猴（Cercopithecus nictitans）（56.43 ind / km〜2），mo猴（Cercopithecus cephus）（19.08 ind / km〜2）和mona猴子（ Cercopithecus pogonias）（7.07 ind / km〜2）。如果更大的白鼻猴是保护区中最丰富的昼夜灵长类动物，那么在加蓬东北部的森林中，蒙纳猴数量就更多了。与cercopithecines相反，duiker密度相对较低。蓝迪克（Cephalophus monticola）的估计密度为8.04 ind / km〜2。然而，在80年代，密度估计超过50 ind / km〜2。这一结果表明，过去20年里，伊帕莎玛科寇（Ipassa-Makokou）的蓝色小帆船可能经历了显着减少。黑猩猩（盘尾类动物）仍在保护区中，但在伊温多大河上游已消失。低地大猩猩（Gorilla gorilla）密度的估计值为0.75 ind / km〜2，大于先前在该地区所估计的密度（0.44 ind / km〜2）。可以通过以下事实来解释这种差异：一组人口在普查期间会越过保护区。通过间接（粪堆）和直接观测得出的大象（非洲象鼻虫）丰度估计分别为0.58 ind / km〜2和1.10 ind / km〜2。这些密度处于西非（加纳，科特迪瓦和中非共和国）所指责的密度范围内。所有这些结果都使该保护区特别令人感兴趣，该保护区位于马科库镇附近，可以作为保护的典范在该区域。

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