The satellite industry has officially made history as these pages went to press. Intelsat privatized, virtually closing the book on treaty-based, intergovernmental cooperatives as a vehicle to provide satellite capacity. Intelsat's privatization can be viewed in many different ways, but its impact is indisputable. Criticized for many years as not being customer-oriented, the ISO model was different from its commercial counterpart. In effect, an ISO's customers were its signatories or their designated operators, who leased capacity on the ISO's satellites.
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