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首页> 外文期刊>California management review >Organizational Ambidexterity in Action: How Managers Explore and Exploit $1Cha rles A.
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Organizational Ambidexterity in Action: How Managers Explore and Exploit $1Cha rles A.

机译：行动中的组织困境：管理者如何探索和利用$ 1挑战a。

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摘要

The life span of the average American is 79. Japanese can expect to live to age 83, Liberians to only 46. The average age of a large company is much less than any of these. Research has shown that only a tiny fraction of firms founded in the U.S. are likely to make it to age 40, probably less than 0.1 percent.1 In this study, for firms founded in 1976, only 10% survived 10 years later, leading the authors to conclude that "Despite their size, their vast financial and human resources, average large firms do not 'live' as long as ordinary Americans."2 While this is partly understandable because of the high mortality rates among newly founded companies, other research has estimated that even large, well-established companies can only expect to live, on average, between another 6 to 15 years.3 Ormerod, in a study of firm failure, noted that "Over 10 percent of all companies in the U.S., the largest and most-successful economy in the history of the world, fail every single year."4 In a study of the world's largest companies between 1912 and 1995, Hannah reported that only 20 firms remained on her list for the entire period- and many of those were in industries like natural resources without disruptive change. In her study, the modal large firm failed.5 Why this should be is a puzzle, since when firms are doing well they have all the resources (financial, physical, and intellectual) to continue to be successful. Yet the evidence is that most organizations do not survive for long periods of time.
机译：美国人的平均寿命为79岁。日本人的预期寿命为83岁，利比里亚人只有46岁。大公司的平均年龄比任何一个人都要低得多。研究表明，在美国成立的公司中，只有极少数能使公司达到40岁，可能不到0.1％。1在这项研究中，对于1976年成立的公司，只有10％的公司在10年后幸存下来，这导致了作者得出的结论是：“尽管大公司规模，财力和人力资源丰富，但普通大公司的生存时间却不及普通美国人。” 2尽管这在一定程度上是可以理解的，因为新成立的公司的死亡率很高，其他研究据估计，即使是大型，信誉良好的公司，平均预期寿命也只能再维持6至15年。3Ormerod在对公司倒闭的研究中指出：“美国超过10％的公司世界上最大，最成功的经济每年都会失败。” 4汉纳（Hannah）对1912年至1995年之间的世界上最大的公司进行了一项研究，报告说，整个时期她的名单上只剩下20家公司，而且许多其中有行业就像没有破坏性变化的自然资源一样。在她的研究中，有模式的大公司失败了。5为什么要这样做是一个难题，因为当公司表现良好时，他们拥有继续成功的所有资源（财务，物质和知识）。但是有证据表明，大多数组织都无法长期生存。

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