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首页> 外文期刊>Canadian Water Resources Journal >Hydrogeochemical evolution and groundwater mineralization of shallow aquifers in the Bas-Saint-Laurent region, Quebec, Canada
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Hydrogeochemical evolution and groundwater mineralization of shallow aquifers in the Bas-Saint-Laurent region, Quebec, Canada

机译：加拿大魁北克省Bas-Saint-Laurent地区浅层含水层的水文地球化学演化和地下水矿化

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This study presents the first regional groundwater hydrogeochemical portrait of the Bas-Saint-Laurent region (BSL), a region shaped by the Appalachians, a strong Quaternary glacial heritage, and coastal dynamics from the St. Lawrence Estuary. The proximity of BSL's aquifers to St. Lawrence Estuary and its geological history with the past Goltwait Sea transgression create unique issues with respect to groundwater mineralization and sustainability in the region. The study is based on the distribution of major and trace elements and stable isotope signatures of water and inorganic carbon (delta O-18, delta H-2, delta C-13(DIC)) in 145 groundwater samples collected in private and municipal wells distributed evenly over the study area. Groundwater shows a wide range of composition as indicated by the seven facies revealed by their composition of major elements. Ca-HCO3 and Na-HCO3 facies mainly dominate the regional groundwater composition, representing respectively 66 and 20% of the samples. Nevertheless, no significant relation between the geology, the aquifer confinement, and the geochemical facies emerged. This suggests that factors other than the hydrological settings may control the chemical composition of the groundwater in the study area. A hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), including major, minor and trace elements, was performed, allowing the water samples to be distributed into four distinct geochemical groups that reveal a gradient from less mineralized (C4 and C2 groups with a dominant Ca-HCO3 facies) in the recharge areas to more mineralized (C1 with a Ca-HCO3 facies, to C3 with a Na-HCO3 facies) in the coastal discharge areas. Based on geochemical graphs and isotopic signatures, a conceptual model is proposed to explain this hydrogeochemical evolution at the regional scale. The most remarkable finding is that groundwater mineralization does not originate from modern seawater mixing despite the proximity of St. Lawrence seawater. Most of the hydrochemical evolution and groundwater mineralization is induced by the mixing with evaporated or remnant seawater originated from past transgressions, cation exchanges and mineral dissolution.
机译：这项研究展示了圣洛朗地区（BSL）的第一个区域地下水水文地球化学肖像，该地区由阿巴拉契亚人塑造，强大的第四纪冰川遗产以及圣劳伦斯河口的海岸动力学。 BSL的含水层靠近圣劳伦斯河口，其地质历史与过去的Goltwait海侵有关，在该地区的地下水矿化和可持续性方面造成了独特的问题。该研究基于在私人和市政井中收集的145个地下水样品中水和无机碳（δO-18，δH-2，δC-13（DIC））的主要和微量元素的分布以及稳定的同位素特征。在研究区域均匀分布。地下水显示出广泛的组成，其主要元素组成揭示了七个相。 Ca-HCO3和Na-HCO3相主要占区域地下水的组成，分别占样品的66％和20％。但是，在地质，含水层限制和地球化学相之间没有发现任何重要的联系。这表明，除了水文环境外，其他因素也可能控制研究区域地下水的化学组成。进行了包括主要，次要和痕量元素的层次聚类分析（HCA），使水样品可以分为四个不同的地球化学组，这些组显示出矿化程度较低的梯度（C4和C2组具有主要的Ca-HCO3相） ）在沿海排放区矿化程度更高（C1为Ca-HCO3相，至C3为Na-HCO3相）。基于地球化学图和同位素特征，提出了一个概念模型来解释这一区域范围内的水文地球化学演化。最显着的发现是，尽管圣劳伦斯（St. Lawrence）海水接近，但地下水的矿化并非源于现代海水的混合。大多数的水化学演化和地下水矿化是由于与过去的海侵，阳离子交换和矿物溶解产生的蒸发的或残留的海水混合而引起的。

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