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The 2013 flood event in the South Saskatchewan and Elk River basins: Causes, assessment and damages

机译：2013年萨斯喀彻温省南部和麋鹿河流域的洪灾事件：成因，评估和损失

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摘要

In late June 2013, heavy rainfall and rapidly melting alpine snow triggered flooding throughout much of the southern half of Alberta. Heavy rainfall commenced on 19 June and continued for 3 days. When the event was over, more than 200 mm and as much as 350 mm of precipitation had fallen over the Front Ranges of the Canadian Rocky Mountains. Tributaries to the Bow River including the Ghost, Kananaskis, Elbow, Sheep and Highwood, and many of their tributaries, all reached flood levels. The storm had a large spatial extent causing flooding to the north and south in the Red Deer and Oldman Basins, and also to the west in the Elk River in British Columbia. Convergence of the nearly synchronous floodwaters downstream in the South Saskatchewan River system caused record high releases from Lake Diefenbaker through Gardiner Dam. Dam releases in Alberta and Saskatchewan attenuated the downstream flood peak such that only moderate flooding occurred in Saskatchewan and Manitoba. More than a dozen municipalities declared local states of emergency; numerous communities were placed under evacuation order in Alberta and Saskatchewan. The media reported that more than 100,000 people needed to evacuate their homes, and five people died. At CAD$6 billion, the Province of Alberta estimated that it was the costliest natural disaster in Canadian history. At their peak, the water levels were the highest in the past 60 years, and nearing those of historic events of the late 1800s and early 1900s where records exist. There was major damage to infrastructure roads, bridges and culverts. Downtown Calgary was inundated, as were many communities such as High River and Bragg Creek. Debris flows and debris torrents affected communities such as Canmore and Exshaw, and isolated many mountain communities including closing the TransCanada Highway for several days. Environment Canada called it the "Flood of Floods." Insured losses of CAD$2 billion included thousands of cars and homes demolished and damaged by backed-up sewers. Flood damage losses and recovery costs from the flood are projected to exceed CAD$6 billion.
机译：2013年6月下旬，大雨和迅速融化的高山积雪引发了艾伯塔省南部大部分地区的洪水。 6月19日开始大雨，持续了3天。事件结束后，在加拿大落基山脉的山麓范围内，已有200毫米以上的降水和多达350毫米的降水。弓河的支流，包括幽灵，卡纳纳斯基斯，肘，绵羊和高伍德，以及许多支流都达到了洪水位。暴风雨在空间上影响很大，造成了红鹿和奥尔德曼盆地的北部和南部洪水泛滥，不列颠哥伦比亚省的麋鹿河也向西部洪水泛滥。南萨斯喀彻温河水系下游几乎同步的洪水汇流，导致迪芬贝克湖经加丁纳大坝的高释放量。艾伯塔省和萨斯喀彻温省的大坝泄放减弱了下游洪水高峰，因此萨斯喀彻温省和曼尼托巴省仅发生了中度洪水。十几个市宣布地方紧急状态。在艾伯塔省和萨斯喀彻温省，许多社区受到疏散命令。媒体报道说，有十万多人需要撤离房屋，有五人死亡。艾伯塔省估计损失为60亿加元，是加拿大历史上最昂贵的自然灾害。最高水位是过去60年的最高水平，接近有记录的1800年代末和1900年代初的历史事件。基础设施道路，桥梁和涵洞遭到了重大破坏。卡尔加里市中心以及高河（High River）和布拉格河（Bragg Creek）等许多社区被淹没。泥石流和泥石流影响了坎莫尔（Canmore）和埃克斯肖（Exshaw）等社区，并隔离了许多山区社区，包括关闭TransCanada高速公路几天。加拿大环境部将其称为“洪水泛滥”。 20亿加元的保险损失包括数以千计的汽车和房屋被后备下水道拆除和破坏。洪水造成的洪灾损失和恢复成本预计将超过60亿加元。

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  • 来源
    《Canadian Water Resources Journal》 |2016年第2期|105-117|共13页
  • 作者

    Pomeroy John W.; Stewart Ronald E.; Whitfield Paul H.;

  • 作者单位

    Univ Saskatchewan, Ctr Hydrol, Saskatoon, SK, Canada;

    Univ Manitoba, Dept Geog & Environm, Winnipeg, MB, Canada;

    Univ Saskatchewan, Ctr Hydrol, Saskatoon, SK, Canada|Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada|Environm Canada, Vancouver, BC, Canada;

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