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An ecological perspective on floods in Canada

机译：加拿大洪水的生态学观点

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This review presents a summary of the influences of floods on river ecology, both instream and on the adjacent floodplain, mostly in a Canadian context. It emphasizes that ecological impacts and benefits can be highly dependent on flood-generation processes and their magnitude and timing. In Canada, floods can occur under open-water or ice-influenced river conditions. The ecological impacts of floods generated from ice jamming are particularly relevant in Canadian ecosystems due to the potentially higher water levels produced and suspended sediment concentrations that can be detrimental to instream aquatic habitat, but beneficial to floodplains. Large floods provide a major source of physical disturbance. Moderate floods with shorter return periods can be beneficial to aquatic habitats by providing woody debris that contributes to habitat complexity and diversity, by flushing fine sediments and by providing important food sources from terrestrial origins. Floods also influence water-quality variables such as sediment loads, metals and pH, which further influence river ecology. This review points out important links between floods and habitat connectivity and refugia, and the ability of aquatic resources to recover from flood disturbances. The floodplain vegetation also influences bank erosion and channel configuration, as well as many processes contributing to the river ecology, such as allochthonous inputs of carbon, preventing bank erosion, food-web dynamics and other effects. Many species of riparian trees are dependent on floods for reproduction, and floods can limit competitive encroachment of upland vegetation. Floods play a critical role in deltaic environments where high flows provide nutrient supplies and overflows maintain water balances within these environments. Two substantial factors that will likely influence future flood regimes in Canada are climate change and flow regulation. Future research should focus on enhancing our understanding of how floods affect river ecology, including under winter conditions, to better manage important natural resources.
机译：这篇综述总结了洪水对河流生态学的影响，无论是在上游还是在邻近的洪泛区，主要是在加拿大。它强调生态影响和利益可能高度取决于洪水的产生过程及其规模和时间。在加拿大，洪水可能发生在开放水域或受冰影响的河流条件下。由于加拿大可能会产生较高的水位以及悬浮的泥沙浓度可能对上游水生生境造成不利影响，但对洪泛区有利，因此，因冰层堵塞而产生的洪水对生态系统的影响在加拿大的生态系统中尤为重要。大洪水是人为干扰的主要来源。返还期较短的中度洪水可通过提供木质碎片来增加栖息地的复杂性和多样性，冲洗细小的沉积物，并提供来自陆地的重要食物来源，从而对水生生境有利。洪水还会影响水质变量，例如泥沙负荷，金属和pH值，从而进一步影响河流生态。这篇评论指出了洪水与栖息地的连通性和避难所之间的重要联系，以及水生资源从洪水干扰中恢复的能力。漫滩植被还影响河岸侵蚀和河道配置，以及许多影响河流生态的过程，例如碳的异源输入，防止河岸侵蚀，食物网动态和其他影响。许多河岸树种依靠洪水来繁殖，洪水可以限制竞争对高地植被的侵占。洪水在三角洲的环境中起着至关重要的作用，在三角洲的环境中，高流量提供了营养供应，溢流维持了这些环境中的水平衡。气候变化和流量调节可能会影响加拿大未来的洪水状况的两个重要因素。未来的研究应侧重于加深我们对洪水如何影响河流生态的理解，包括在冬季条件下，以更好地管理重要的自然资源。

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  • 来源
    《Canadian Water Resources Journal》 |2016年第2期|288-306|共19页
  • 作者

    Peters D. L.; Caissie D.; Monk W. A.; Rood S. B.; St-Hilaire A.;

  • 作者单位

    Univ Victoria, Environm Canada, Water & Climate Impacts Res Ctr, Victoria, BC, Canada;

    Fisheries & Ocean Canada, Moncton, NB, Canada;

    Univ New Brunswick, Canadian Rivers Inst, Fredericton, NB, Canada;

    Univ Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada;

    Univ New Brunswick, Canadian Rivers Inst, Fredericton, NB, Canada|Inst Natl Rech Sci, Quebec City, PQ, Canada;

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