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Biomarkers of neurodegenerative disorders: How good are they?

机译:神经退行性疾病的生物标志物:它们的功效如何?

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Biomarkers are very important indicators of normal and abnormal biological processes. Specific changes in pathologies, biochemistries and genetics can give us comprehensive information regarding the nature of any particular disease. A good biomarker should be precise and reliable, distinguishable between normal and interested disease, and differential between different diseases. It is believed that biomarkers have great potential in predicting chances for diseases, aiding in early diagnosis, and setting standards for the development of new remedies to treat diseases. New technologies have enabled scientists to identify biomarkers of several different neurodegenerative diseases. The followings, for instance, are only a few of the many new biomarkers that have been recently identified: the phosphorylated tau protein and aggregated Beta-amyloid peptide for Alzheimer's disease (AD), Alpha-synuclein contained Lewy bodies and altered dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging for Parkinson's disease (PD), SOD mutations for familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and CAG repeats resulted from Huntington's gene mutations in Huntington's disease (HD). This article will focus on the most-recent findings of biomarkers belonging to the four mentioned neurodegenerative diseases.
机译:生物标志物是正常和异常生物过程的非常重要的指标。病理,生物化学和遗传学方面的特定变化可以为我们提供有关任何特定疾病性质的全面信息。良好的生物标志物应精确可靠,在正常疾病和目标疾病之间可区分,在不同疾病之间也应有所区别。人们相信,生物标志物在预测疾病的机会,帮助早期诊断以及为开发治疗疾病的新疗法制定标准方面具有巨大潜力。新技术使科学家能够鉴定几种不同的神经退行性疾病的生物标记。例如,以下仅仅是最近发现的许多新生物标记物中的几个:用于阿尔茨海默氏病(AD)的磷酸化tau蛋白和聚集的β-淀粉样肽,α-突触核蛋白包含路易小体和改变的多巴胺转运蛋白(DAT) )帕金森氏病(PD)成像,家族性肌萎缩性侧索硬化症(ALS)的SOD突变和亨廷顿病(HD)的亨廷顿基因突变导致CAG重复。本文将重点关注属于上述四种神经退行性疾病的生物标志物的最新发现。

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