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首页> 外文期刊>Cell and Tissue Research >An endocannabinoid system is localized to the hypophysial pars tuberalis of Syrian hamsters and responds to photoperiodic changes
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An endocannabinoid system is localized to the hypophysial pars tuberalis of Syrian hamsters and responds to photoperiodic changes

机译：内源性大麻素系统定位于叙利亚仓鼠的垂体后突，对光周期变化做出反应

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The hypophysial pars tuberalis (PT), an important interface between neuroendocrine brain centers (hypothalamus, pineal organ) and the pars distalis (PD) of the hypophysis, plays a central role in regulating seasonal reproduction and prolactin release. However, the signaling molecules that transmit photoperiodic information from the PT to the PD and control prolactin release (the so-called “tuberalins”) have not yet been identified, despite an intense search for more than three decades. Here, we demonstrate an endocannabinoid system in the PT of the Syrian hamster, a photoperiodic species. By means of in situ hybrization, the PT was found to express N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine-specific phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD), fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), sn-1-selective diacylglycerol lipases (DAGLα and DAGLβ), and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), enzymes involved in endocannabinoid synthesis and degradation. The expression of NAPE-PLD, FAAH, and DAGLα was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Expression and protein levels of DAGLs controlling the synthesis of 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG), a major endocannabinoid, were upregulated in the PT of Syrian hamsters kept under long-day conditions. Consequently, 2-AG levels were increased in the PT of these hamsters. A primary target of 2-AG, the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1), was expressed in the PD. Double-immunolabeling revealed that most of the CB1-immunoreactive cells in the PD were folliculostellate cells that were also immunoreactive for S-100 protein. Thus, the PT comprises an endocannabinoid system, and 2-AG may act as a photoperiodic messenger from the PT to the PD for the regulation of hypophysial hormonal secretion.
机译：垂体神经下垂（PT）是神经内分泌脑中枢（下丘脑，松果体器官）与垂体远端骨（PD）之间的重要接口，在调节季节性繁殖和催乳素释放中起着核心作用。然而，尽管经过了三十多年的深入研究，仍未发现将光周期信息从PT传递至PD并控制催乳激素释放的信号分子（所谓的“ tuberalins”）。在这里，我们展示了叙利亚仓鼠（一种光周期物种）的PT中的一种内源性大麻素系统。通过原位杂交，发现PT表达N-酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺特异性磷脂酶D（NAPE-PLD），脂肪酸酰胺水解酶（FAAH），sn-1-选择性二酰基甘油脂肪酶（DAGLα和DAGLβ）和单酰基甘油脂肪酶（MAGL），涉及内源性大麻素合成和降解的酶。通过免疫组织化学证实NAPE-PLD，FAAH和DAGLα的表达。在长期条件下饲养的叙利亚仓鼠的PT中，控制主要的内源性大麻素2-花生四烯酰基甘油（2-AG）合成的DAGL的表达和蛋白质水平上调。因此，这些仓鼠的PT中2-AG水平升高。 PD中表达了2-AG的主要靶标，即大麻素受体1（CB1）。双重免疫标记显示，PD中大多数CB1免疫反应性细胞是卵泡状细胞，对S-100蛋白也具有免疫反应性。因此，PT包括内源性大麻素系统，并且2-AG可以充当从PT到PD的光周期信使，以调节垂体激素的分泌。

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