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Regulatory peptides in fruit fly midgut

机译：果蝇中肠中的调节肽

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Regulatory peptides were immunolocalized in the midgut of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Endocrine cells were found to produce six different peptides: allatostatins A, B and C, neuropeptide F, diuretic hormone 31, and the tachykinins. Small neuropeptide-F (sNPF) was found in neurons in the hypocerebral ganglion innervating the anterior midgut, whereas pigment-dispersing factor was found in nerves on the most posterior part of the posterior midgut. Neuropeptide-F (NPF)-producing endocrine cells were located in the anterior and middle midgut and in the very first part of the posterior midgut. All NPF endocrine cells also produced tachykinins. Endocrine cells containing diuretic hormone 31 were found in the caudal half of the posterior midgut; these cells also produced tachykinins. Other endocrine cells produced exclusively tachykinins in the anterior and posterior extemities of the midgut. Allatostatin-immunoreactive endocrine cells were present throughout the midgut. Those in the caudal half of the posterior midgut produced allatostatins A, whereas those in the anterior, middle, and first half of the posterior midgut produced allatostatin C. In the middle of the posterior midgut, some endocrine cells produced both allatostatins A and C. Allatostatin-C-immunoreactive endocrine cells were particularly prominent in the first half of the posterior midgut. Allatostatin B/MIP-immunoreactive cells were not consistently found and, when present, were only weakly immunoreactive, forming a subgroup of the allatostatin-C-immunoreactive cells in the posterior midgut. Previous work on Drosophila and other insect species suggested that (FM)RFamide-immunoreactive endocrine cells in the insect midgut could produce NPF, sNPF, myosuppressin, and/or sulfakinins. Using a combination of specific antisera to these peptides and transgenic fly models, we showed that the endocrine cells in the adult Drosophila midgut produced exclusively NPF. Although the Drosophila insulin gene Ilp3 was abundantly expressed in the midgut, Ilp3 was not expressed in endocrine cells, but in midgut muscle.
机译：调节肽免疫定位在果蝇果蝇的中肠中。发现内分泌细胞产生六种不同的肽：阿托他汀A，B和C，神经肽F，利尿激素31和速激肽。小神经肽-F（sNPF）在支配前中肠的下大脑神经节的神经元中发现，而色素分散因子则位于后中肠最后部的神经中。产生神经肽-F（NPF）的内分泌细胞位于前中肠和中肠以及后中肠的第一部分。所有NPF内分泌细胞也产生速激肽。在后中肠的尾半部发现了含有利尿激素31的内分泌细胞。这些细胞也产生速激肽。其他内分泌细胞仅在中肠的前部和后部产生速激肽。整个中肠均存在阿托伐他汀免疫反应性内分泌细胞。在中肠后半部的尾部产生altostatin A，而在中肠后，中部和上半部的尾部产生altalstatinC。在中肠后中部，一些内分泌细胞均产生altostatin A和C。 Allatostatin-C免疫反应性内分泌细胞在中肠后半段特别突出。不能一直发现Allatostatin B / MIP免疫反应性细胞，当存在时，其免疫反应性很弱，在后肠中部形成allatostatin-C免疫反应性细胞的一个亚组。以前对果蝇和其他昆虫物种的研究表明，昆虫中肠中的（FM）RFamide-免疫反应性内分泌细胞可以产生NPF，sNPF，肌抑制素和/或磺胺激酶。使用针对这些肽的特异性抗血清和转基因蝇模型的组合，我们显示了成年果蝇中肠的内分泌细胞仅产生NPF。尽管果蝇胰岛素基因Ilp3在中肠中大量表达，但Ilp3在内分泌细胞中不表达，而在中肠肌肉中表达。

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