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首页> 外文期刊>Chemical Senses >Swallowing Is Differentially Influenced by Retronasal Compared with Orthonasal Stimulation in Combination with Gustatory Stimuli
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Swallowing Is Differentially Influenced by Retronasal Compared with Orthonasal Stimulation in Combination with Gustatory Stimuli

机译：吞咽受鼻后刺激与正鼻刺激相结合以及鼻咽刺激的影响不同

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摘要

Identical stimuli are processed differently when presented ortho- or retronasally. In contrast to orthonasal olfaction, retronasal odorant perception is strongly associated with flavor and food intake, which is usually followed by swallowing. Along with other stimuli, gustatory stimuli are known to influence the swallowing reflex. It was therefore the aim of present study to examine whether retronasal olfaction, in combination with simultaneous gustatory stimuli, influences swallowing in a manner different from that of orthonasal olfaction. Fifty normosmic and normogeusic subjects took part in the study. A sweet taste (glucose, delivered via an intraoral taste dispenser) was presented simultaneously with vanillin, a food-like odor, either ortho- or retronasally at random using a computer-controlled olfactometer. Ultrasound imaging of the mouth floor was recorded on videotape to continuously monitor swallowing activity. After retronasal stimulation, swallowing occurred significantly faster (7.49 vs. 9.42 s; P 0.001) and also took place more frequently compared with swallowing after orthonasal stimulation (1.38 times vs. 1.14 times; P 0.001). These results show that a food-like odorant presented retronasally in combination with a congruent taste stimulus can influence swallowing. Whether these results can be assigned to other, unfamiliar, unpleasant nonfood-like odors has yet to be determined.
机译：相同的刺激物在正向或向后呈现时，处理方式有所不同。与鼻嗅觉相反，鼻后味觉与味觉和食物摄入密切相关，通常随后会被吞咽。与其他刺激一样，味觉刺激也会影响吞咽反射。因此，本研究的目的是检查鼻后嗅觉与同时的味觉刺激相结合是否以与鼻嗅觉不同的方式影响吞咽。五十个常态和常态科目参加了这项研究。使用计算机控制的嗅觉仪，在口腔正反或鼻后随机地将甜味（葡萄糖，通过口内味觉分配器传递）与香草醛（一种类似食品的气味）同时呈现。在录像带上记录口底的超声成像，以连续监测吞咽活动。鼻后刺激后，吞咽发生的速度明显更快（7.49 vs. 9.42 s； P <0.001），并且比经鼻刺激后的吞咽发生的频率更高（1.38倍对1.14倍； P <0.001）。这些结果表明，鼻后出现的类似食物的气味与适度的味觉刺激相结合会影响吞咽。这些结果是否可以归因于其他不熟悉的，令人不愉快的，类似食物的气味。

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