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首页> 外文期刊>Chemosensory Perception >Influence of Odor Hedonics, Food-Relatedness, and Motivational State on Human Sniffing
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Influence of Odor Hedonics, Food-Relatedness, and Motivational State on Human Sniffing

机译：气味享乐主义，食物相关性和动机对人类嗅觉的影响

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Sniffing is part of an active exploratory process aimed at identifying and locating biologically salient stimuli. However, there are few data on those factors that determine the nature of the sniff—its magnitude, duration, or frequency. The study reported here was aimed at increasing our understanding of human sniffing behavior by examining sniff magnitude and duration to odorants that independently varied in both food-relatedness and pleasantness, under conditions of both hunger and satiety. In two sessions, 25 subjects sniffed odorants that they had previously identified as varying in pleasantness (unpleasant, neutral, pleasant) and as food-related or not, as well as odorant blanks. During one session, the subjects were in a state of relative hunger, while in the second session, they had recently eaten. Sniffs were monitored using the Sniff Magnitude Test (Frank et al. 2006. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 132, 532–36), which sampled the changes in air pressure produced by the sniff and calculated the magnitude and time course of pressure changes. Sniffs, whether to odorants or blanks, were significantly longer and had higher overall and peak amplitudes when the subjects were hungry. Longer sniffs and overall greater amplitude were also elicited by pleasant, than by either neutral or unpleasant, odorants. Whether an odorant was food-related or not had no impact on any measured sniff parameters. These data reinforce a view that sniffing in humans is, as has been shown in rats, a means of exploring the environment in response to increased motivation to consume.
机译：嗅探是主动探索过程的一部分，旨在识别和定位生物学上的显着刺激。但是，关于那些决定嗅探性质的因素的数据很少，包括其幅度，持续时间或频率。此处报告的研究旨在通过检查在饥饿和饱腹感条件下食品相关性和愉悦性独立变化的加味剂的嗅探强度和持续时间，来增进我们对人类嗅探行为的了解。在两节课中，有25位受试者闻了闻他们先前确定为令人愉悦（不愉快，中性，令人愉快）和与食物相关或不相关的气味，以及气味空白。在一个疗程中，受试者处于相对饥饿的状态，而在第二疗程中，他们最近已进食。嗅闻使用嗅觉量度测试进行监测（Frank等人，2006。耳鼻喉头颈外科手术，132，532-36），该程序采样了嗅闻产生的气压变化，并计算了压力变化的幅度和时间过程。嗅觉，无论是加味剂还是空白剂，都明显更长，并且当受试者饥饿时其总体和峰值幅度更高。与中性或令人不愉快的气味相比，令人愉悦的气味还会引起更长的嗅觉和总体上更大的幅度。气味剂是否与食物有关对任何测量的嗅探参数没有影响。这些数据强化了这样一种观点，即在大鼠中嗅探是一种响应于增加的消费动机而探索环境的手段。

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