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Effects of different concentrations of Microcystis aeruginosa on the intestinal microbiota and immunity of zebrafish (Danio rerio)

机译：不同浓度的铜绿微囊藻对斑马鱼肠道菌群和免疫力的影响

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摘要

Microcystis aeruginosa is a primary species of toxin-producing cyanobacteria. This study explored the effects of short-term exposure (96 h) to M. aeruginosa on the intestinal microflora variation and immune function of zebrafish. After exposure to different cell concentrations of M. aeruginosa, marked histological variation was observed in the intestine, such as goblet cells proliferation and intestinal desquamation. In addition high-concentration M. aeruginosa treatment (initial concentration: 1.59 x 10(5) cells mL(-1)) induced a significant increase in cytokine levels compared with other groups. Low-concentration M. aeruginosa treatment (initial concentration: 0.88 x 10(5) cells mL(-1)) promoted the transcription of inflammatory genes, while high-concentration treatment restrained the transcription of these genes. Moreover, M. aeruginosa exposure also changed the intestinal microbial diversity. At the phylum level, bacteria belonging to Proteobacteria were the most abundant in all groups, and Gammaproteobacteria were the dominant bacteria with major changes. Pathogenic microorganisms such as Shewanella, Plesiomonas, Halomonas, Pseudomonas, and Lactobacillus increased greatly after treatment with different cell concentrations of M. aeruginosa. This study indicates that M. aeruginosa induces an increase in zebrafish goblet cells and enhances the inflammatory response, which may produce detrimental effects in zebrafish, resulting in a greater proportion of pathogenic bacteria and intestinal injury. The results of this study will help improve the understanding of the effects of M. aeruginosa on the intestines of aquatic organisms. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：铜绿微囊藻是产生毒素的蓝细菌的主要种类。这项研究探讨了短期暴露（96 h）铜绿假单胞菌对斑马鱼肠道菌群变化和免疫功能的影响。暴露于不同浓度的铜绿假单胞菌后，在肠道中观察到明显的组织学变化，例如杯状细胞增殖和肠道脱皮。此外，与其他组相比，高浓度铜绿假单胞菌治疗（初始浓度：1.59 x 10（5）细胞mL（-1））诱导细胞因子水平显着增加。低浓度铜绿假单胞菌处理（初始浓度：0.88 x 10（5）细胞mL（-1））促进了炎症基因的转录，而高浓度处理则抑制了这些基因的转录。此外，铜绿假单胞菌的暴露也改变了肠道微生物的多样性。在门类水平上，属于变形杆菌的细菌在所有组中最丰富，而伽马变形杆菌是占主导地位的细菌，变化很大。在用不同细胞浓度的铜绿假单胞菌处理后，诸如希瓦氏菌，假单胞菌，盐单胞菌，假单胞菌和乳杆菌的病原微生物大大增加。这项研究表明铜绿假单胞菌诱导斑马鱼杯状细胞增加并增强炎症反应，这可能对斑马鱼产生有害影响，从而导致更大比例的致病细菌和肠道损伤。这项研究的结果将有助于增进对铜绿假单胞菌对水生生物肠道影响的了解。 （C）2018 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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