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首页> 外文期刊>Chemosphere >Application of bimodal distribution to the detection of changes in uranium concentration in drinking water collected by random daytime sampling method from a large water supply zone
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Application of bimodal distribution to the detection of changes in uranium concentration in drinking water collected by random daytime sampling method from a large water supply zone

机译：双峰分布在检测大型供水区日间随机采样法采集的饮用水中铀浓度变化中的应用

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The random daytime (RDT) sampling method was used for the first time in the assessment of average weekly exposure to uranium through drinking water in a large water supply zone. Data set of uranium concentrations determined in 106 RDT samples collected in three runs from the water supply zone in Wroclaw (Poland), cannot be simply described by normal or log-normal distributions. Therefore, a numerical method designed for the detection and calculation of bimodal distribution was applied. The extracted two distributions containing data from the summer season of 2011 and the winter season of 2012 (n(I) = 72) and from the summer season of 2013 (n(II) = 34) allowed to estimate means of U concentrations in drinking water: 0.947 mu g/L and 1.23 mu g/L, respectively. As the removal efficiency of uranium during applied treatment process is negligible, the effect of increase in uranium concentration can be explained by higher U concentration in the surface-infiltration water used for the production of drinking water. During the summer season of 2013, heavy rains were observed in Lower Silesia region, causing floods over the territory of the entire region. Fluctuations in uranium concentrations in surface-infiltration water can be attributed to releases of uranium from specific sources migration from phosphate fertilizers and leaching from mineral deposits. Thus, exposure to uranium through drinking water may increase during extreme rainfall events. The average chronic weekly intakes of uranium through drinking water, estimated on the basis of central values of the extracted normal distributions, accounted for 3.2% and 4.1% of tolerable weekly intake. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：在大型供水区中，首次通过随机日间（RDT）采样方法来评估平均每周通过饮用水对铀的平均暴露量。从弗罗茨瓦夫（波兰）供水区分三批收集的106个RDT样品中确定的铀浓度数据集不能用正态分布或对数正态分布简单描述。因此，采用了一种设计用于检测和计算双峰分布的数值方法。提取的两个分布包含2011年夏季和2012年冬季（n（I）= 72）以及2013年夏季（n（II）= 34）的数据，可以估算饮用水中U浓度的平均值水：分别为0.947微克/升和1.23微克/升。由于在应用处理过程中铀的去除效率可忽略不计，因此铀浓度增加的影响可以用生产饮用水的表面渗透水中较高的U浓度来解释。在2013年夏季，下西里西亚地区观测到大雨，导致整个地区的洪水泛滥。表面渗透水中铀浓度的波动可归因于特定来源的铀释放，这些来源是从磷肥中迁移出来的以及从矿藏中浸出的。因此，在极端降雨事件中，通过饮用水接触铀的情况可能会增加。根据提取的正态分布的中心值估计，饮用水从铀中的平均长期长期摄入量占可耐受的每周摄入量的3.2％和4.1％。 （C）2015 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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