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Using Dichotic Listening to Study Bottom-up and Top-down Processing in Children and Adults

机译：使用分听听来研究儿童和成人的自下而上和自上而下的处理

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The study examined top-down attention modulation of bottom-up processing in children and adults under conditions of varying bottom-up stimulus demands. Voiced and unvoiced consonant-vowel syllables were used in a dichotic-listening situation to manipulate the strength of the bottom-up stimulus-driven right ear advantage when subjects were instructed to focus attention on, and report, either the left or right ear stimulus. We predicted that children would differ from adults in their ability to use attention to modulate a lateralized ear advantage, and particularly when there was a conflict between the direction of the bottom-up ear advantage and the direction of the top-down attention instruction. Thirty children and 30 adults were presented with dichotic presentations of consonant-vowel syllables. The results showed that the voicing manipulation affected the strength of the ear advantage, and that the children performed significantly below the adults when the voicing parameter caused a strong conflict between bottom-up and top-down processing. Thus, children seem to lack the cognitive flexibility necessary to modulate a stimulus-driven bottom-up ear advantage, particularly in situations where right ear advantage (REA) is enhanced by the acoustic properties of the stimuli and attentional demands require a left ear shift. It is suggested that varying the stimulus demands in a dichotic-listening situation may be a novel way to study cognitive development.
机译：该研究考察了自下而上的刺激需求条件下儿童和成人自下而上的过程的自上而下的注意调节。当指示受试者注意并报告左耳或右耳刺激时，发声和清浊的辅音元音节用于发声，以控制自下而上的刺激驱动的右耳优势的强度。我们预测，儿童使用注意力来调节侧耳优势的能力将与成年人不同，尤其是当自下而上的耳朵优势的方向与自上而下的注意指导的方向发生冲突时。向30名儿童和30名成人展示了辅音元音节的二分音。结果表明，发声操作会影响人耳优势的强度，并且当发声参数导致自下而上与自上而下的处理过程发生强烈冲突时，儿童的表现明显低于成人。因此，儿童似乎缺乏调节刺激驱动的自下而上的耳朵优势所必需的认知灵活性，特别是在右耳优势（REA）通过刺激的声学特性得到增强且注意力需求需要左耳移位的情况下。有人认为，在双耳听觉情况下改变刺激需求可能是研究认知发展的一种新方法。

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