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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of communication disorders >Listening difficulties in children: Bottom-up and top-down contributions
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Listening difficulties in children: Bottom-up and top-down contributions

机译：儿童的听力困难：自下而上和自上而下的贡献

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摘要

The brain mechanisms of hearing include large regions of the anterior temporal, prefrontal, and inferior parietal cortex, and an extensive network of descending connections between the cortex and sub-cortical components of what is presently known as the auditory system. One important function of these additional ('top-down') mechanisms for hearing is to modulate the ascending, sensory ('bottom-up') auditory information from the ear. In children, normal, immature hearing during the first decade of life is more strongly influenced by top-down mechanisms than in adulthood. In some children, impaired top-down function presents a significant challenge to their auditory perception, often associated with a range of language and learning difficulties and sometimes called auditory processing disorder.Learning outcomes: Readers will be able to (a) discuss the difference between and integration of auditory information in the ascending, descending, and cortical auditory centres, (b) state alternate interpretations of normal maturation of human hearing in typical children, (c) explain how sensory and cognitive contributions to auditory temporal and spectral processing may be teased apart, (d) discuss how listening difficulties may be assessed in children, and (e) critically assess whether APD is really an auditory problem or may be symptomatic of a broader neurodevelopmental disorder.
机译：听力的大脑机制包括颞叶前额叶，额叶前叶和下顶叶皮质的大区域，以及皮质与皮质下组件之间的下降连接的广泛网络，该网络目前称为听觉系统。这些附加的（“自上而下”）听觉机制的一项重要功能是调节来自耳朵的上升，感觉（“自下而上”）听觉信息。在儿童中，自上而下的机制比成年时期对正常，未成熟听力的影响更大。在一些儿童中，自上而下的功能受损对他们的听觉感知提出了巨大挑战，通常与一系列语言和学习困难相关，有时也称为听觉加工障碍。学习成果：读者将能够（a）讨论以及听觉信息在上升，下降和皮层听觉中心的整合，（b）说明典型儿童的正常听觉成熟度的替代解释，（c）解释如何嘲笑对听觉时间和频谱处理的感觉和认知贡献此外，（d）讨论如何评估儿童的听力障碍，以及（e）严格评估APD是否确实是听觉问题或可能是更广泛的神经发育障碍的症状。

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