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Preliminary results of direct cell-matrix assembly technology

机译：直接细胞基质组装技术的初步结果

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摘要

Tissue loss and end-stage organ failure has been an emergent problem for humanity. Solving this problem at the most basic level is currently an area of great interest to many researchers. At the end of the 20th century, tissue engineering technology began using formed scaffolds to indirectly control the assembly of cells. This technology has resulted in a new way to artificially fabricate tissues. But the method has been limited to simple tissue types, such as bone, skin, muscle and tendon. The fabrication of complex organs by this technology is still not possible. A possible alternative is assembling cells directly into a viable and predefined structure. From the viewpoint of material science and manufacturing, natural tissues are considered as open systems composed of functionally diverse cells and extracellular matrices (ECMs) that are highly organized and interacted systems with the ability for energy exchange and mass diffusion. But functional artificial tissue cannot be constructed just by assembling a large amount of cells. It is obvious that an optimal three dimensional (3D) in vitro structure should mimic natural tissue and realize the coordinated, dynamic spatial arrangements of diverse cells and ECMs, while creating an open system that satisfies the cells' living microenvironment. This structure is a key to to creating functional artificial tissues or organs.
机译：组织损失和末期器官衰竭已成为人类的紧急问题。目前，最基本的解决方案是许多研究人员感兴趣的领域。在20世纪末，组织工程技术开始使用成形的支架间接控制细胞的组装。这项技术导致了一种新的人工制造组织的方式。但是该方法仅限于简单的组织类型，例如骨骼，皮肤，肌肉和肌腱。用这种技术制造复杂的器官仍然是不可能的。一种可能的选择是将细胞直接组装成可行的预定义结构。从材料科学和制造的角度来看，天然组织被认为是由功能多样的细胞和细胞外基质（ECM）组成的开放系统，它们是高度组织且相互作用的系统，具有能量交换和质量扩散的能力。但是，仅通过组装大量细胞就不能构建功能性人造组织。显然，最佳的体外三维（3D）结构应模仿自然组织并实现各种细胞和ECM的协调，动态空间排列，同时创建一个满足细胞生存微环境的开放系统。这种结构是创建功能性人造组织或器官的关键。

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