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A-to-I RNA editing: A new mechanism of genomic information modification

机译：A-to-I RNA编辑：基因组信息修饰的新机制

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摘要

A-to-I RNA editing, the important event of gene modification, which takes place at post-transcriptional level, was firstly reported in 1991. The molecular mechanism of A-to-I RNA editing involves site-selective deamination of adenosine to inosine in pre-mRNA, which leads to altering translation codons and splicing in nuclear transcripts, thereby functionally distinct proteins can be produced from a single gene. The mammalian editing enzymes ADARs (adenosine deaminases acting on RNA) are widely expressed in brain and other tissues, however, up to date their substrates are mainly found in the central nervous system. It has recently been noticed that imperfect editing of these RNA substrates play critical roles in corresponding diseases, indicating that A-to-I RNA editing may be quite important in physiological or pathophysiological processes. Finding more new substrates of ADARs, especially in peripheral tissues, and performing functional research on new genes will be helpful to elucidate the biological significance of A-to-I RNA editing.
机译：1991年首次报道了A-to-I RNA编辑是基因修饰的重要事件，发生在转录后水平。A-to-IRNA编辑的分子机制涉及腺苷向肌苷的位点选择性脱氨。在pre-mRNA中，这会导致翻译密码子的改变和核转录物中的剪接，从而可以从单个基因中产生功能不同的蛋白质。哺乳动物编辑酶ADARs（作用于RNA的腺苷脱氨基酶）在脑和其他组织中广泛表达，然而，迄今为止，其底物主要存在于中枢神经系统中。最近已经注意到，这些RNA底物的不完美编辑在相应的疾病中起关键作用，这表明A至I RNA编辑在生理或病理生理过程中可能非常重要。寻找更多的ADARs新底物，尤其是在周围组织中，并对新基因进行功能研究将有助于阐明Ato-I RNA编辑的生物学意义。

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