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The diverse roles of transverse filaments of synaptonemal complexes in meiosis

机译:突触复合物横丝在减数分裂中的不同作用

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摘要

In most eukaryotes, homologous chromosomes (homologs) are closely apposed during the prophase of the first meiotic division by a ladderlike proteinaceous structure, the synaptonemal complex (SC) [Fawcett, J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2:403–406, 1956; Moses, J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2:215–218, 1956]. SCs consist of two proteinaceous axes, which each support the two sister chromatids of one homolog, and numerous transverse filaments (TFs), which connect the two axes. Organisms that assemble SCs perform meiotic recombination in the context of these structures. Although much information has accumulated about the composition of SCs and the pathways of meiotic crossing over, several questions remain about the role of SCs in meiosis, in particular, about the role of the TFs. In this review, we focus on possible role(s) of TFs. The interest in TF functions received new impulses from the recent characterization of TF-deficient mutants in a number of species. Intriguingly, the phenotypes of these mutants are very different, and a variety of TF functions appear to be hidden behind a façade of morphological conservation. However, in all TF-deficient mutants a specific class of crossovers that display interference is affected. TFs appear to create suitable preconditions for the formation of these crossovers in most species, but are most likely not directly involved in the interference process itself. Furthermore, TFs are important for full-length homolog alignment.
机译:在大多数真核生物中,同源染色体(同源物)在第一次减数分裂分裂的前期被梯状的蛋白质结构,即突触复合体(SC)紧紧地结合在一起[Fawcett,J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2:403-406,1956; Moses,J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2:215–218,1956年]。 SC由两个蛋白质轴(每个轴支持一个同系物的两个姊妹染色单体)和连接两个轴的大量横丝(TF)组成。组装SC的生物体在这些结构的背景下进行减数分裂重组。尽管已经积累了大量有关SC的组成和减数分裂通道的信息,但是关于SC在减数分裂中的作用,尤其是TF的作用,仍然存在一些问题。在本文中,我们重点介绍了TF的可能作用。对TF功能的兴趣从最近对许多物种中TF缺陷突变体的表征中获得了新的动力。有趣的是,这些突变体的表型是非常不同的,并且各种TF功能似乎隐藏在形态守恒的幕后。但是,在所有TF缺陷型突变体中,显示干扰的特定类别的交叉基因会受到影响。 TF似乎为大多数物种中这些交叉的形成创造了合适的先决条件,但很可能不直接参与干扰过程本身。此外,TF对于全长同源物比对很重要。

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    《Chromosoma》 |2006年第3期|220-234|共15页
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    Botanical centre Molecular genetics group Wageningen University Arboretumlaan 4 6703 BD Wageningen The Netherlands;

    Botanical centre Molecular genetics group Wageningen University Arboretumlaan 4 6703 BD Wageningen The Netherlands;

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