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Are we planning for resilient cities in Ghana? An analysis of policy and planners' perspectives

机译：我们是否正在计划加纳的复原力城市？政策和计划者观点的分析

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This paper sets forth a set of four principles that define and operationalise the concept of urban resilience. Using these four principles, 105 registered planners with the Ghana Institute of Planners were interviewed and five most recent and relevant national planning documents (four legislation, and one policy) were evaluated to determine how well planning practice advances resilience planning. Findings indicate limited appreciation of the concept amongst planners, despite the national planning documents stating an intention to integrate urban resilience. In addition, these national planning documents do not provide balanced support for all four urban resilience principles, as they advance some principles significantly more than others. More importantly, there is a disconnect between these national planning documents on the one hand, and planning practice on the other, as planning actions are not consistent with the legislation and policies. This paper recommends education of planners on urban resilience issues, credentialing of the concept in the local context, and reconsideration of international agencies' role in resilience planning in Ghanaian cities.
机译：本文阐述了定义和实施城市弹性概念的四项原则。使用这四项原则，采访了加纳规划师学院的105名注册规划师，并评估了五份最新和相关的国家规划文件（四份立法和一项政策），以确定规划实践如何有效地提高弹性规划。调查结果表明，尽管国家规划文件指出了整合城市弹性的意图，但规划人员对此概念的了解有限。此外，这些国家规划文件并未为所有四个城市弹性原则提供平衡的支持，因为它们对某些原则的推动作用要远远大于其他一些原则。更重要的是，一方面这些国家计划文件与另一方面的计划实践之间存在脱节，因为计划行动与立法和政策不一致。本文建议对规划师进行有关城市弹性问题的教育，在本地背景下对该概念进行认证，并重新考虑国际机构在加纳城市弹性规划中的作用。

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