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首页> 外文期刊>Clays and clay minerals >COMPARISON OF THREE SMALL-SCALE DEVICES FOR THE INVESTIGATION OF THE ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY/RESISTIVITY OF SWELLING AND OTHER CLAYS
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COMPARISON OF THREE SMALL-SCALE DEVICES FOR THE INVESTIGATION OF THE ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY/RESISTIVITY OF SWELLING AND OTHER CLAYS

机译：三种小型设备的比较研究膨胀和其他粘土的电导率/电阻率

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摘要

Electrical measurements are used in various fields of geoscience and technology, e.g. gas/oil exploration or landslide-barrier monitoring. Although clays are amongst the most conducting geo-materials their electrical properties are not yet fully understood. For example, in a recent high-level-radioactive-waste repository large-scale test, a bentonite barrier was monitored geoelectrically. To facilitate interpretation of the results, the reasons for the observed differences in the electrical conductivity must be understood (e.g. changes in water content, temperature, salinity of pore water, etc.). To improve understanding of the electrical properties of clay minerals, in situ measurements must be combined with laboratory measurements. In situ measurements allow the characterization of the material in its natural state and laboratory measurements, for small sample amounts, allow the user to vary relevant parameters systematically such as water content, temperature, the salinity of the pore water, or even the cation population if swelling clay minerals are present. In situ measurements using different electrode distances, from m to cm range, proved that small-scale investigations are essential because of small-scale material heterogeneities. In the laboratory, all the relevant parameters mentioned above can be controlled more easily for small sample amounts. In the present study three different small-scale devices (SSM1-SSM3) were compared. The geometry factor, K, was determined both by calculation and by a calibration against solutions of different conductivity. Calculated and measured geometry factors were in good agreement. SSM1 and SSM2 - both with four pin-shaped electrodes - were found to be particularly applicable for in situ measurements. SSM2, with point contacts at the tips of the pins, was considered to be an improvement over SSM1 because the effects of both water content and temperature gradients (which are particularly relevant near the surface) were less pronounced using SSM2. SSM3, in which the contacts are placed at the bottom of a 4.5 mL trough, proved to be useful when systematically varying all of the parameters influencing the electrical properties in the laboratory.
机译：电气测量用于地球科学和技术的各个领域，例如天然气/石油勘探或滑坡屏障监测。尽管粘土是导电性最强的土工材料之一，但其电性能尚未得到充分了解。例如，在最近的高级放射性废物处置库大规模测试中，对膨润土屏障进行了地电监测。为了便于解释结果，必须理解所观察到的电导率差异的原因（例如，水含量，温度，孔隙水盐度等的变化）。为了更好地了解粘土矿物的电特性，必须将原位测量与实验室测量结合起来。原位测量可以表征其自然状态下的材料并进行实验室测量（对于少量样品），允许用户系统地更改相关参数，例如含水量，温度，孔隙水的盐度，甚至阳离子总量（如果需要）存在膨胀的粘土矿物。使用从m到cm范围的不同电极距离进行的原位测量证明，小规模的研究是必不可少的，因为小规模的材料异质性。在实验室中，对于少量样品，可以更轻松地控制上述所有相关参数。在本研究中，对三种不同的小型设备（SSM1-SSM3）进行了比较。通过计算和通过针对不同电导率的溶液进行校准来确定几何因子K。计算和测量的几何因子吻合良好。发现SSM1和SSM2（均带有四个销形电极）特别适用于原位测量。 SSM2在引脚的尖端具有点接触，被认为是对SSM1的改进，因为水含量和温度梯度（在表面附近特别重要）的影响都不太明显。 SSM3的触点放置在4.5 mL槽的底部，被证明在系统地改变影响实验室电性能的所有参数时非常有用。

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  • 来源
    《Clays and clay minerals》 |2014年第2期|1-12|共12页
  • 作者

    S. Kaufhold; C. Grissemann; R. Dohrmann; M. Klinkenberg; A. Decher;

  • 作者单位

    BGR, Bundesanstalt fuer Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Stilleweg 2, D-30655 Hannover, Germany;

    LBEG, Landesamt fuer Bergbau, Energie und Geologie, Stilleweg 2, D-30655 Hannover, Germany;

    BGR, Bundesanstalt fuer Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Stilleweg 2, D-30655 Hannover, Germany,LBEG, Landesamt fuer Bergbau, Energie und Geologie, Stilleweg 2, D-30655 Hannover, Germany;

    Institute of Energy and Climate Research (IEK-6) - Nuclear Waste Management and Reactor Safety, Research Centre Juelich GmbH, 52425 Juelich, Germany;

    SandB Industrial Minerals GmbH, Schmielefeldstr. 78, D-45772 Marl, Germany;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    Electrical Conductivity of Clays; Electrical Resistivity of Clays; Smectite; Swelling Clay Minerals; Bentonite;

    机译：粘土的电导率;粘土的电阻率;蒙脱石;膨胀粘土矿物;膨润土;

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