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Vehicle tax policies and new passenger car CO_2 performance in EU member states

机译：欧盟成员国的车辆税收政策和新乘用车CO_2表现

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This article explores the causes for differences in the average CO2 emissions intensity of the new passenger car (NPC) fleet in member states (MS) across Europe. Although EU policies mitigating CO2 emissions from NPCs have been in place since 1999, MS strongly diverge in the absolute amount and relative change in emissions over the last decade. The authors employ a qualitative approach to analyse the factors, in particular national vehicle taxes, contributing to this divergence and the relative contribution of national and European policies in reducing national CO2 emissions from NPCs. The analysis shows that there has been a significant reduction in CO2 emissions intensity of NPCs since 2007 across most MS, compared with the six years previous to that date. This would indicate that EU-wide policies, such as the CO2 vehicles regulation, along with the economic recession in 2008, have influenced national NPC CO2 emissions. Generally, countries with CO2-differentiated vehicle taxes are observed as more likely to have achieved greater reductions in CO2 emissions. However, over the same period there have been many confounding factors, such as economic instability in the EU, that also influence NPC emissions. Using more detailed case study analyses of six countries, the authors find that there is scope for well-designed national vehicle tax policies to drive NPC emissions down further than the EU average. In countries with the highest success rate, such as the Netherlands, the design of the vehicle tax, as part of a well-aligned policy package, has been very important in delivering the biggest reductions in CO2 emissions from NPCs.POLICY RELEVANCEThe transport sector continues to be an intractable source of CO2 emissions. Governments around the world are seeking effective policies to deal with the increase in passenger car CO2 emissions appropriate to their own circumstances. This article examines the experience of EU MS with CO2-differentiated vehicle taxes in reducing CO2 emissions in the context of other national and international contributing factors. It should therefore both be useful to policy makers and contribute to climate policy research in general.
机译：本文探讨了欧洲各成员国（MS）中新乘用车（NPC）车队的平均CO2排放强度差异的原因。尽管自1999年以来欧盟就制定了减少NPC排放二氧化碳的政策，但在过去十年中，MS的绝对数量和相对变化存在很大差异。作者采用定性方法来分析造成这种差异的因素，尤其是国家车辆税，以及国家和欧洲政策在减少NPC国家二氧化碳排放方面的相对贡献。分析表明，与该日期之前的六年相比，自2007年以来，大多数MS的NPC的CO2排放强度已大大降低。这表明，欧盟范围内的政策（例如二氧化碳车辆法规）以及2008年的经济衰退，已经影响了国家NPC的二氧化碳排放量。一般而言，观察到二氧化碳汽车税的国家更有可能实现更大的二氧化碳排放量减少。但是，在同一时期，有许多混淆因素，例如欧盟的经济不稳定，也影响了NPC的排放。通过对六个国家进行更详细的案例研究分析，作者发现，精心设计的国家车辆税收政策有可能将NPC排放量进一步降低到欧盟平均水平以下。在荷兰等成功率最高的国家中，作为统一政策方案的一部分，车辆税的设计对于最大程度地减少NPC的CO2排放量非常重要。成为二氧化碳排放的棘手来源。世界各国政府都在寻求有效的政策，以应对因地制宜的乘用车二氧化碳排放量的增加。本文探讨了在其他国家和国际影响因素的背景下，欧盟MS实行的二氧化碳差异汽车税在减少CO2排放方面的经验。因此，它不仅对政策制定者有用，而且对总体气候政策研究也有贡献。

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