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首页> 外文期刊>Cognitive linguistics >Balancing information-structure and semantic constraints on construction choice: building a computational model of passive and passive-like constructions in Mandarin Chinese
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Balancing information-structure and semantic constraints on construction choice: building a computational model of passive and passive-like constructions in Mandarin Chinese

机译：平衡信息结构和施工选择的语义约束：汉语汉语中的被动和被动结构的计算模型

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摘要

A central tenet of cognitive linguistics is that adults' knowledge of language consists of a structured inventory of constructions, including various two-argument constructions such as the active (e.g., Lizzy rescued John), the passive (e.g., John was rescued by Lizzy) and "fronting" constructions (e.g., John was the one Lizzy rescued). But how do speakers choose which construction to use for a particular utterance, given constraints such as discourse/information structure and the semantic fit between verb and construction? The goal of the present study was to build a computational model of this phenomenon for two-argument constructions in Mandarin. First, we conducted a grammaticality judgment study with 60 native speakers which demonstrated that, across 57 verbs, semantic affectedness - as determined by further 16 native speakers - predicted each verb's relative acceptability in the bei-passive and ba-active constructions, but not the Notional Passive and SVO Active constructions. Second, in order to simulate acquisition of these competing constraints, we built a computational model that learns to map from corpus-derived input (information structure + verb semantics + lexical verb identity) to an output representation corresponding to these four constructions (+"other"). The model was able to predict judgments of the relative acceptability of the test verbs in the ba-active and bei-passive constructions obtained in Study 1, with model-human correlations in the region of r = 0.5 and r = 0.3, respectively. Surprisingly, these correlations increased (to r = 0.75 and r = 0.5 respectively) when lexical verb identity was removed; perhaps because this information leads to over-fitting of the training set. These findings suggest the intriguing possibility that acquiring constructions involves forgetting as a mechanism for abstracting across certain fine-grained lexical details and idiosyncrasies.
机译：一个中央宗旨是认知语言学中的成年人的语言知识包括结构化的结构库存，包括各种双参数结构，如活跃（例如，Lizzy Rescued John），被动（例如，约翰被斜铃救出）和“Fronting”建筑（例如，约翰是一个令人救出的懒散）。但是扬声器如何选择用于特定话语的施工，给定诸如话语/信息结构和动词和建筑之间的语义适应等限制？本研究的目标是为普通话中的双参数结构构建这种现象的计算模型。首先，我们对60名母语人士进行了一个语法判断研究，展示了57个动词，语义影响 - 由另外16个母语人员决定 - 预测北方被动和BA活性结构中的每个动词的相对可接受性，但不是名义被动和SVO主动结构。其次，为了模拟采集这些竞争约束，我们构建了一种计算模型，该计算模型学习从语料库派生的输入（信息结构+动词语义+词汇标识）到与这四个结构相对应的输出表示（+“其他“）。该模型能够预测研究1中获得的BA激活和北方被动结构中的测试动词的相对可接受性的判断，分别在r = 0.5和r = 0.3的区域中具有模型 - 人类相关性。令人惊讶的是，当删除词汇动词标识时，这些相关性增加（分别为r = 0.75和r = 0.5）;也许是因为这些信息导致培训集的过度拟合。这些调查结果表明获取建设的有趣可能性涉及忘记跨越某些细粒度的词汇细节和特质的机制。

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