Overestimation of Knowledge About Word Meanings: The “Misplaced Meaning” Effect

Jonathan F. Kominsky; Frank C. Keil

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Overestimation of Knowledge About Word Meanings: The “Misplaced Meaning” Effect

机译：对词义知识的高估：“错义”效应

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摘要

AbstractChildren and adults may not realize how much they depend on external sources in understanding word meanings. Four experiments investigated the existence and developmental course of a “Misplaced Meaning” (MM) effect, wherein children and adults overestimate their knowledge about the meanings of various words by underestimating how much they rely on outside sources to determine precise reference. Studies 1 and 2 demonstrate that children and adults show a highly consistent MM effect, and that it is stronger in young children. Study 3 demonstrates that adults are explicitly aware of the availability of outside knowledge, and that this awareness may be related to the strength of the MM effect. Study 4 rules out general overconfidence effects by examining a metalinguistic task in which adults are well calibrated.

机译：摘要儿童和成年人可能没有意识到他们在理解单词含义上有多依赖外部来源。四个实验研究了“错位含义”（MM）效应的存在和发展过程，其中儿童和成人通过低估了他们依赖外部资源来确定精确参考的程度而高估了他们对各种单词的含义的认识。研究1和2表明，儿童和成人表现出高度一致的MM效应，并且在幼儿中更强。研究3表明，成年人明确意识到了外部知识的可用性，并且这种意识可能与MM效应的强度有关。研究4通过检查对成年人进行了良好校准的元语言任务，排除了总体过度自信的影响。

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来源
《Cognitive science》 |2014年第8期|1-30|共30页
作者
Jonathan F. Kominsky; Frank C. Keil;
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作者单位

Department of Psychology Yale University;

Department of Psychology Yale University;

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收录信息美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);
原文格式 PDF
正文语种 eng
中图分类
关键词
Knowledge; Lexicon; Word learning; Overconfidence; Metacognition;

机译：知识;词汇;词汇学习;过度自信;元认知;

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1. Identify Web-page Content meaning using Knowledge based System for Dual Meaning Words [J] . Sukanta Sinha, Rana Dattagupta, Debajyoti Mukhopadhyay International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications . 2012,第4期

机译：使用基于知识的双含义词系统识别网页内容含义
2. Identify Web-page Content meaning using Knowledge based System for Dual Meaning Words [J] . Sukanta Sinha, Rana Dattagupta, Debajyoti Mukhopadhyay International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications . 2012,第4期

机译：使用基于知识的双含义词系统识别网页内容含义
3. Learning new meanings for known words: Perturbation of original meanings and retention of new meanings [J] . Fang Xiaoping, Perfetti Charles A. Memory & cognition . 2019,第1期

机译：学习已知词的新含义：扰动原始含义和新含义的保留
4. Research on the Features of Ancient Word Meaning in Chinese Dialect - Taking the Features of Word Meaning in Gan Dialect as an Example [C] . Xiao Jiugen, Chen Xijuan International Conference on Social Science and Higher Education . 2017

机译：中国方言古代含义特征研究 - 以甘曲方言为例
5. Assessment of preschool vocabulary: Expressive and receptive knowledge of word meanings. [D] . Vinco, Megan H. 2013

机译：学前词汇评估：单词含义的表达和接受知识。
6. Overestimation of Knowledge About Word Meanings: The Misplaced Meaning Effect [O] . Jonathan F. Kominsky, Frank C. Keil -1

机译：对词义知识的高估：错义效应
7. Figure 1: (A) Example of a text-based forma mentis network. A TFMN can be represented either as an edge-coloured graph or as a multiplex network. Positive (negative) words are highlighted in cyan (red). Neutral words are in black. Syntactic links between positive (negative) words are highlighted in cyan (red) too. Syntactic links between positive and negative concepts are in purple. All semantic links of meaning overlap are highlighted in green. (B) Infographics about how a TFMN is assembled. Individuals organise their knowledge and emotional perception of the real world in their mental lexicon (comic clouds). [O] . -1

机译：图1：（a）基于文本的Forma Mentis网络示例。 TFMN可以用作边缘彩色图形或作为多路复用网络表示。在青色（红色）突出显示正（负）单词。中立词是黑色的。在青色（红色）突出显示正（否定）单词之间的句法链接。正面和消极概念之间的句法链接在紫色。含义重叠的所有语义链接都以绿色突出显示。（b）关于TFMN如何组装的信息图表。个人在他们的精神词典（漫画云）中对现实世界组织了他们的知识和情感感知。

Overestimation of Knowledge About Word Meanings: The “Misplaced Meaning” Effect

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