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Learning new meanings for known words: Perturbation of original meanings and retention of new meanings

机译：学习已知词的新含义：扰动原始含义和新含义的保留

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摘要

Learning a new, unrelated meaning for a known word faces competition from the word's original meaning. Moreover, the connection of the word with its original meaning also shows a subtle form of interference, a perturbation, when tested immediately after learning. However, the long-term effects of both types of interference are unclear. The present study paired both high and low frequency words with new unrelated meanings, testing the fate of new and original meanings on three different days over one week as a function of word familiarity. The results were that learners maintained memory for new meanings of high frequency words better than the new meanings of low frequency words over one week. Following learning, meaning decisions on highfrequency words that required the original meaning of the trained word were delayed relative to decisions on control words - but only when testing was immediate and the stimulus-onset asynchrony (SOA) between the trained word and its original meaning probe was 200 ms. When the SOA was 500 ms or when the test was delayed by one day or one week, no effect occurred. The findings indicate that in the learning of new meanings for known words, word familiarity benefits long-term retention of new meanings. The facilitation effect occurs along with a perturbation effect, in which the original meaning of a familiar word is made momentarily less accessible immediately after learning.
机译：学习一个新的，无关的含义，为已知的单词面临来自这个词的原始含义的竞争。此外，与其原始含义的单词的连接也显示出一种微妙的干扰形式，扰动，在学习之后立即测试。然而，两种干扰的长期效果尚不清楚。目前的研究与新的无关含义配对高低频率的词汇，测试了在一周内的三个不同日内的新的和原始含义的命运，作为熟悉的函数。结果是，学习者为高频词的新含义而比一周内的低频词的新含义更好地保持内存。在学习之后，意味着关于所需训练单词的原始含义的初始词的决定是相对于控制字的决策延迟的 - 但只有在训练的单词与其原始意义探测的训练单词和它的原始意义探测时才会延迟是200毫秒。当SOA为500毫秒或者当测试延迟一天或一周时，没有发生任何影响。调查结果表明，在学习为已知单词的新含义中，熟悉词熟悉的长期保留新含义。促进效果随着扰动效应而发生，其中熟悉字的原始含义在学习后立即暂时较少。

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