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首页> 外文期刊>Cold regions science and technology >Laboratory calibration of upward looking sonars for measuring suspended frazil ice concentration
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Laboratory calibration of upward looking sonars for measuring suspended frazil ice concentration

机译：向上校准声纳的实验室校准，用于测量悬浮的巴西冰浓度

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This paper describes a series of laboratory experiments conducted at the University of Alberta Cold Room Facility, investigating the use of upward looking sonars to measure frazil ice concentration. Two upward looking sonars, one high (546 kHz) frequency and one low (235 kHz) frequency were deployed on the bottom of a custom built frazil ice tank located in the cold room. A step by step procedure is provided for processing the raw sonar signal to compute the volume backscatter strength. A sieving technique was used to make direct measurements of frazil ice concentrations in the tank and sieved frazil ice particles were examined under a microscope to determine their average shape and size. Measured mass concentrations ranged from 0.012% to 0.135% and the majority of observed frazil particles were disk shaped, varying in diameter from 0.25 to 4.25 mm. The sonar measurements showed that the high frequency model is more sensitive to the presence of suspended frazil particles than the low frequency model, especially at lower concentrations. The depth averaged volume backscatter strength, computed from both the high and low frequency data, was found to be correlated with the frazil ice concentration and the resulting regression equations are provided. These correlations need to be tested in the field prior to being used for quantitative measurements of frazil ice concentration in rivers. The applicability of simplified theoretical backscatter models to estimate frazil ice properties is also discussed.
机译：本文介绍了在阿尔伯塔大学冷室设施实验室进行的一系列实验室实验，研究了使用向上声纳测量弗拉西尔冰浓度的方法。在冷藏室中的一个定制的巴西冰罐底部部署了两个向上看的声纳，一个高（546 kHz）频率和一个低（235 kHz）频率。提供了一个分步过程，用于处理原始声纳信号以计算体积后向散射强度。使用筛分技术直接测量储罐中的巴西冰浓度，并在显微镜下检查筛分的巴西冰颗粒，以确定其平均形状和大小。测得的质量浓度范围为0.012％至0.135％，观察到的大多数巴西f为圆盘状，直径从0.25到4.25 mm不等。声纳测量结果表明，与低频模型相比，高频模型对悬浮的巴西raz颗粒的存在更为敏感，尤其是在较低浓度下。发现根据高频和低频数据计算得到的深度平均体积后向散射强度与巴西冰的浓度相关，并提供了所得的回归方程。这些相关性需要先在野外进行测试，然后再用于河流中巴西冰浓度的定量测量。还讨论了简化的理论反向散射模型在估算巴西冰的性质方面的适用性。

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