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首页> 外文期刊>Columbia Journal of Environmental Law >A New Approach to Extraterritorial Application of Environmental Statutes?: Uncovering the Effects of Plan Colombia
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A New Approach to Extraterritorial Application of Environmental Statutes?: Uncovering the Effects of Plan Colombia

机译：域外适用环境法规的新方法？：揭露哥伦比亚计划的影响

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Neither the headquarters theory nor the presumption against extraterritoriality is adequate to effectuate Congress's intent behind NEPA and ESA. Under the headquarters theory framework, environmental statutes would apply to so many situations as to be unworkable, creating legitimate foreign policy issues. Thus, courts interpret the headquarters theory to apply only in extremely limited situations. The presumption against extraterritoriality framework, on the other hand, is so restrictive that it prevents U.S. environmental statutes from regulating environmental harms within the United States if the acts leading to those harms take place outside the United States. For these reasons, we see recent case law exploring the alternate framework provided by the effects test in cases such as Pakootas and Hirt. The effects test is the proper framework within which to analyze the extraterritorial application of environmental statutes, as it allows the United States to protect its citizens and natural resources from environmental harm but nothing further. Under this framework, the United States protects its territorial environmental interests while respecting the sovereignty of foreign countries. Plan Colombia is an example of how the effects test would reach the proper result. Assuming it can be established that there is a possibility that spraying of herbicide on Colombian drug crops affects the United States through global warming and loss of global biodiversity, under the effects test framework, the Department of State is required to create an EIS and BiOp analyzing the environmental effects of its actions in Colombia. While requiring the Department of State to create an EIS and BiOp would not directly ease the environmental harms incurred in Colombia, it would give the U.S. government and citizens the information they need to fully comprehend the environmental impacts of their actions.
机译：总部理论或反对域外管辖权的推论都不足以实现国会对NEPA和ESA的支持。在总部理论框架下，环境法规将适用于许多情况，以至于不可行，从而造成合法的外交政策问题。因此，法院将总部理论解释为仅在极为有限的情况下适用。另一方面，对域外管辖权框架的推定过于严格，以至于如果导致环境危害的行为发生在美国境外，则会阻止美国环境法规对美国境内的环境危害进行规制。由于这些原因，我们看到最近的判例法正在探索在Pakootas和Hirt等案件中由效果测试提供的替代框架。效果测试是分析环境法规在域外适用的适当框架，因为它使美国能够保护其公民和自然资源免受环境损害，但仅此而已。在此框架下，美国在尊重外国主权的同时，保护其领土环境利益。哥伦比亚计划是效果测试如何达到适当结果的一个例子。假设可以确定，在哥伦比亚毒品作物上喷洒除草剂有可能通过全球变暖和全球生物多样性丧失而影响美国，在效果测试框架下，要求美国国务院创建EIS和BiOp分析其在哥伦比亚行动的环境影响。尽管要求国务院建立EIS和BiOp并不能直接减轻在哥伦比亚造成的环境损害，但它将为美国政府和公民提供他们需要的信息，以充分了解其行动对环境的影响。

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