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Self-heating behavior and ignition of shale rock

机译：页岩的自热行为和着火

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The combustion of shale, a porous sedimentary rock, has been reported at times in outcrop deposits and mining piles. However, the initiating event of most of these fires is unknown. It could be that, under the right conditions, shale rock undergoes spontaneous exothermic reactions in the presence of oxygen. This work studies experimentally and for the first time the self-heating behavior of shale rock. Because shale has high inert content, novel diagnostics such as mass loss measurements and visual observation of charring are introduced to detect self-heating ignition in respect to other self-heating materials with lower inter content. Using field samples collected from the outcrop at Kimmeridge Bay (UK) and the Frank-Kamenetskii theory of ignition, we determine the effective kinetic parameters for two particle-size distributions of shale. These parameters are then used to upscale the results to geological deposits and mining piles of different thicknesses. We show that for fine particles, with diameter below 2 mm, spontaneous ignition is possible for deposits of thickness between 10.7 m and 607 m at ambient temperatures between -20 degrees C and 44 degrees C. For the same ambient temperature range, the critical thickness is in excess of 30 km for deposits made of coarse particles with diameter below 17 mm. Our results indicate that shale rock is reactive, with reactivity highly dependent on particle diameter, and that self-ignition is possible for small particles in outcrops, piles or geological deposits accidentally exposed to oxygen. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute.
机译：据报道，有时在露头矿床和采矿桩中燃烧页岩（一种多孔的沉积岩）。但是，大多数此类火灾的起因是未知的。在适当的条件下，页岩可能在氧气存在下发生自发放热反应。这项工作是实验性的，也是首次对页岩的自热行为进行研究。由于页岩具有较高的惰性含量，因此引入了新的诊断方法，例如质量损失测量和炭化的目测观察，以检测内部含量较低的其他自热材料的自热点火。利用从金梅里奇湾（英国）露头收集的现场样本和弗兰克-卡梅涅茨基点火理论，我们确定了页岩的两种粒径分布的有效动力学参数。然后使用这些参数将结果放大到不同厚度的地质矿床和采矿桩。我们表明，对于直径小于2 mm的细颗粒，在-20摄氏度至44摄氏度之间的环境温度下，厚度为10.7 m至607 m的沉积物可能会自燃。对于相同的环境温度范围，临界厚度对于直径小于17毫米的粗颗粒沉积物，其沉积距离超过30公里。我们的结果表明，页岩具有反应性，反应性高度依赖于粒径，对于露头，堆积物或意外暴露于氧气的地质沉积物中的小颗粒，自燃是可能的。 （C）2016作者。由Elsevier Inc.代表燃烧研究所出版。

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