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A Survey on MAC Protocols for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

机译：水下无线传感器网络的MAC协议概述

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摘要

Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) are expected to support a variety of civilian and military applications. In UWSNs, Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol has attracted strong attention due to its potentially large impact to the overall network performance. Unlike terrestrial networks, which mainly rely on radio waves for communications, UWSNs utilize acoustic waves, which pose a new research challenge in the design of MAC protocols. To present the development of MAC protocols in UWSNs, this paper surveys the current state-of-the-art MAC protocols for UWSNs. In the early development, the performance in terms of delay and throughput of the UWSNs has been the major concern of the MAC layer protocol design. Later, the design of energy-efficient MAC protocols becomes a new research focus because sensor nodes are generally powered by batteries which are less likely to be recharged. In this paper, we first describe the underwater acoustic environment and the challenges to the MAC protocols design in UWSNs. We then provide a comparative study of several types of MAC protocols according to current existing diverse implementations. Furthermore, open research issues will be summarized. Hopefully, this survey will inspire more active research in this area.
机译：水下无线传感器网络（UWSN）有望支持各种民用和军事应用。在UWSN中，介质访问控制（MAC）协议由于可能会对整体网络性能产生巨大影响而引起了广泛关注。与主要依靠无线电波进行通信的地面网络不同，UWSN利用声波，这对MAC协议的设计提出了新的研究挑战。为了介绍UWSN中MAC协议的发展，本文概述了UWSN的最新MAC协议。在早期开发中，就UWSN的延迟和吞吐量而言，性能一直是MAC层协议设计的主要关注点。后来，节能型MAC协议的设计成为新的研究重点，因为传感器节点通常由不太可能被充电的电池供电。在本文中，我们首先描述了水下声学环境以及UWSN中MAC协议设计面临的挑战。然后，我们根据当前现有的各种实现方式对几种类型的MAC协议进行比较研究。此外，将总结公开的研究问题。希望这项调查会激发该领域的更多积极研究。

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