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Finite element simulation of low velocity impact on shape memory alloy composite plates

机译：低速冲击形状记忆合金复合板的有限元模拟

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摘要

Delamination of composite materials due to low velocity impacts is one of the major failure types of aerospace composite structures. The low velocity impact may not immediately induce any visible damage on the surface of structures whilst the stiffness and compressive strength of the structures can decrease dramatically. Shape memory alloy (SMA) materials possess unique mechanical and thermal properties compared with conventional materials. Many studies have shown that shape memory alloy wires can absorb a lot of the energy during the impact due to their superelastic and hysteretic behaviour. The superelastic effect is due to reversible stress induced transformation from austenite to martensite. If a stress is applied to the alloy in the austenitic state, large deformation strains can be obtained and stress induced martensite is formed. Upon removal of the stress, the martensite reverts to its austenitic parent phase and the SMA undergoes a large hysteresis loop and a large recoverable strain is obtained. This large strain energy absorption capability can be used to improve the impact tolerance of composites. By embedding superelastic shape memory alloys into a composite structure, impact damage can be reduced quite significantly. This article investigates the impact damage behaviour of carbon fiber/epoxy composite plates embedded with superelastic shape memory alloys wires. The results show that for low velocity impact, embedding SMA wires into composites increase the damage resistance of the composites when compared to conventional composites structures.
机译：低速冲击引起的复合材料分层是航空航天复合结构的主要失效类型之一。低速冲击可能不会立即在结构表面上引起任何可见的损坏，而结构的刚度和抗压强度可能会急剧下降。与传统材料相比，形状记忆合金（SMA）材料具有独特的机械和热性能。许多研究表明，形状记忆合金线由于其超弹性和滞后特性，可以在撞击过程中吸收大量能量。超弹性效应是由于可逆应力引起的从奥氏体到马氏体的转变。如果在奥氏体状态下对合金施加应力，则可以获得较大的形变应变，并形成应力诱发的马氏体。消除应力后，马氏体回复到其奥氏体母相，并且SMA经历了大的磁滞回线并获得了大的可恢复应变。这种大的应变能吸收能力可用于提高复合材料的耐冲击性。通过将超弹性形状记忆合金嵌入复合结构中，可以显着降低冲击破坏。本文研究了嵌入超弹性形状记忆合金丝的碳纤维/环氧树脂复合板的冲击损伤行为。结果表明，与常规复合材料结构相比，对于低速冲击，将SMA线材嵌入复合材料可提高复合材料的抗损伤性。

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