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A multiscale elastic registration scheme for retinal angiograms

机译：视网膜血管造影的多尺度弹性配准方案

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摘要

The present paper describes a new and efficient method for registration of retinal angiogram. The presence of noise, the variations in the background, and the temporal variation of fluorescence level poses serious problems in obtaining a robust registration of the retinal image. Here, a multiscale registration scheme is proposed which comprises of three steps. The first step of this work proposes an edge preserving smoothing of the vascular tree. This morphological filtering approach is based on opening and closing with a linear rotating structuring element. For complete preservation of the linear shape of the vascular structures, a morphological reconstruction by dilation of the opened image and a reconstruction by erosion of the closed image are applied. It is proposed to compute the registration transform between two successive original frames, from their morphological gradient. Then, the second step consists in computing the morphological gradient of the two filtered images and radiometrically correcting these gradient images. To take into account the intensity variations, our model incorporates two constant multiplicative and additive factors (based on contrast and brightness) estimated employing a simple analysis of the local histograms (based on a sliding window). In the third step, the proposed method computes the registering transform through a coarse-to-fine (or multiscale) hierarchical approach. After computing the dominant registering transform (which implies the translation) between two successive frames, an elastic transform (also called local affine transform) is carried out to achieve a residual correction. The proposed method is tested by experimental studies, performed on macular fluorescein and Indo cyanine green angiographics. It has been sufficiently demonstrated that our proposed registering method is robust, accurate and fully automated, and it is not based on the extraction of the features or landmarks. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
机译：本文介绍了一种新的和有效的视网膜血管造影注册方法。噪声的存在，背景的变化以及荧光水平的时间变化在获取视网膜图像的鲁棒配准方面造成了严重的问题。在此，提出了一种多尺度注册方案，该方案包括三个步骤。这项工作的第一步提出了保持血管树平滑的边缘。这种形态过滤方法是基于线性旋转结构元素的打开和关闭。为了完全保持血管结构的线性形状，应用了通过扩张打开图像的形态重建和通过侵蚀闭合图像的形态。建议从两个连续原始帧之间的形态梯度计算它们之间的配准变换。然后，第二步在于计算两个滤波图像的形态梯度，并对这些梯度图像进行辐射校正。考虑到强度变化，我们的模型结合了两个恒定的乘法和加和因子（基于对比度和亮度），这些因子是通过对局部直方图的简单分析（基于滑动窗口）估算的。在第三步中，所提出的方法通过从粗到精（或多尺度）分层方法来计算配准变换。在计算了两个连续帧之间的主要配准变换（表示平移）之后，执行弹性变换（也称为局部仿射变换）以实现残差校正。通过对黄斑荧光素和印度花青绿血管造影术进行实验研究，对提出的方法进行了测试。已经充分证明了我们提出的配准方法是健壮，准确且完全自动化的，并且它不是基于特征或地标的提取。 （C）2004 Elsevier Inc.保留所有权利。

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