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Exploring the Feasibility of Fully Homomorphic Encryption

机译:探索完全同态加密的可行性

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In 2010, Gentry and Halevi presented the first FHE implementation. FHE allows the evaluation of arbitrary functions directly on encrypted data on untrusted servers. However, even for the small setting with 2048 dimensions, the authors reported a performance of 1.8 s for a single bit encryption and 32 s for recryption on a high-end server. Much of the latency is due to computationally intensive multi-million-bit modular multiplications. In this paper, we introduce two optimizations coupled with a novel precomputation technique. In the first optimization called partial FFT, we adopt Strassen’s FFT-based multiplication algorithm along with Barret reduction to speedup modular multiplications. For the encrypt primitive, we employ a window-based evaluation technique along with a modest degree of precomputation. In the full FFT optimization, we delay modular reductions and change the window algorithm, which allows us to carry out the bulk of computations in the frequency domain. We manage to eliminate all FFT conversion except the final inverse transformation drastically reducing the computation latency for all FHE primitives. We implemented the GH FHE scheme on two GPUs to further speedup the operations. Our experimental results with small parameter setting show speedups of 174, 7.6, and 13.5 times for encryption, decryption, and recryption, respectively, when compared to the Gentry–Halevi implementation. The speedup is enhanced in the medium setting. However, in the large setting, memory becomes the bottleneck and the speedup is somewhat diminished.
机译:2010年,Gentry和Halevi提出了第一个FHE实施方案。 FHE允许直接在不受信任的服务器上的加密数据上评估任意功能。但是,即使对于2048维的小型设置,作者报告的高端服务器在单个位加密时的性能为1.8秒,在重新加密时的性能为32秒。大部分等待时间是由于计算密集型的数百万位模块乘法。在本文中,我们介绍了两种优化方法以及一种新颖的预计算技术。在第一个称为部分FFT的优化中,我们采用Strassen的基于FFT的乘法算法以及Barret约简来加快模块乘法。对于加密原语,我们采用基于窗口的评估技术以及适度的预计算。在完整的FFT优化中,我们延迟了模块约简并更改了窗口算法,这使我们能够在频域中进行大量计算。我们设法消除了所有的FFT转换,除了最终的逆变换之外,大大减少了所有FHE原语的计算延迟。我们在两个GPU上实施了GH FHE方案,以进一步加快操作速度。与Gentry-Halevi实施方案相比,我们在较小参数设置下的实验结果显示,加密,解密和重新加密的速度分别提高了174、7.6和13.5倍。在中等设置下可以提高速度。但是,在较大的设置中,内存成为瓶颈,并且速度会有所降低。

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