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A Simplified Approach to the Order Conditions of Integration Methods

机译:积分方法有序条件的简化方法

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We present an approach to the numerical integration of ordinary differential equations based on the algebraic theory of Butcher (Math. Comp. 26, 79-106, 1972) and the B-series theory of Hairer and Wanner (Computing 13, 1-15, 1974). We clarify the differences of these two approaches by equating the elementary weight functions and showing the differences of the composition rules. By interpreting the elementary weight function as a mapping from input values to output values and introducing some special mappings, we are able to derive the order conditions of several types of integration methods in a straight-forward way. The simplicity of the derivation is illustrated by linear multistep methods that use the second derivative as an input value, Runge-Kutta type methods that use the second as well as first derivatives, and general two-step Runge-Kutta methods. We derive new high stage-order methods in each example. In particular, we found a symmetric and stiffly-accurate method of order eight in the second example.
机译:我们基于Butcher的代数理论(Math。Comp。26,79-106,1972)和Hairer and Wanner的B系列理论(Computing 13,1-15,19)提出了一种对常微分方程进行数值积分的方法。 1974)。我们通过平衡基本权重函数并显示组成规则的差异来阐明这两种方法的差异。通过将基本权重函数解释为从输入值到输出值的映射并引入一些特殊的映射,我们能够以简单明了的方式得出几种类型的积分方法的阶数条件。通过使用二阶导数作为输入值的线性多步方法,使用二阶和一阶导数的Runge-Kutta类型方法以及通用的两步Runge-Kutta方法,说明了推导的简单性。在每个示例中,我们都得出了新的高阶方法。特别是,在第二个示例中,我们发现了对称且严格精确的八阶方法。

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