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首页> 外文期刊>Conservation Biology >Investigating and Managing the Rapid Emergence of White-Nose Syndrome, a Novel, Fatal, Infectious Disease of Hibernating Bats
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Investigating and Managing the Rapid Emergence of White-Nose Syndrome, a Novel, Fatal, Infectious Disease of Hibernating Bats

机译：调查和管理白鼻综合症的快速出现，白鼻综合症是一种新型的致命性冬眠蝙蝠传染性疾病。

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摘要

Abstract: White-nose syndrome (WNS) is a fatal disease of bats that hibernate. The etiologic agent of WNS is the fungus Geomyces destructans, which infects the skin and wing membranes. Over 1 million bats in six species in eastern North America have died from WNS since 2006, and as a result several species of bats may become endangered or extinct. Information is lacking on the pathogenesis of G. destructans and WNS, WNS transmission and maintenance, individual and site factors that contribute to the probability of an outbreak of WNS, and spatial dynamics of WNS spread in North America. We considered how descriptive and analytical epidemiology could be used to fill these information gaps, including a four-step (modified) outbreak investigation, application of a set of criteria (Hill’s) for assessing causation, compartment models of disease dynamics, and spatial modeling. We cataloged and critiqued adaptive-management options that have been either previously proposed for WNS or were helpful in addressing other emerging diseases of wild animals. These include an ongoing program of prospective surveillance of bats and hibernacula for WNS, treatment of individual bats, increasing population resistance to WNS (through vaccines, immunomodulators, or other methods), improving probability of survival from starvation and dehydration associated with WNS, modifying hibernacula environments to eliminate G. destructans, culling individuals or populations, controlling anthropogenic spread of WNS, conserving genetic diversity of bats, and educating the public about bats and bat conservation issues associated with WNS.
机译：摘要：白鼻综合症（WNS）是一种蝙蝠冬眠的致命疾病。 WNS的病原体是毁灭性真菌霉菌，它会感染皮肤和翼膜。自2006年以来，北美东部有6个物种的超过100万只蝙蝠因WNS死亡，结果，几种蝙蝠可能濒临灭绝或灭绝。缺乏关于毁灭性链球菌和WNS的发病机理，WNS的传播和维持，导致WNS爆发的可能性的个体和场所因素以及WNS在北美传播的空间动态方面的信息。我们考虑了如何使用描述性和分析性流行病学来填补这些信息空白，包括四步（经过修改的）暴发调查，应用一套评估病因的标准（希尔氏），疾病动力学的隔室模型以及空间模型。我们对以前针对WNS提出的适应性管理选项进行了分类并提出了批评，这对解决野生动物的其他新出现疾病有帮助。这些措施包括一项正在进行的前瞻性监视蝙蝠和冬眠WNS的计划，单个蝙蝠的治疗，提高人群对WNS的抵抗力（通过疫苗，免疫调节剂或其他方法），提高因WNS饥饿和脱水而存活的可能性，修饰冬眠的可能性。消除销毁革兰的环境，淘汰个人或种群，控制WNS的人为传播，保护蝙蝠的遗传多样性以及对公众进行蝙蝠和与WNS相关的蝙蝠保护问题的教育。

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  • 来源
    《Conservation Biology》 |2011年第2期|p.223-231|共9页
  • 作者

    JANET FOLEY; DEANA CLIFFORD; KEVIN CASTLE; PAUL CRYAN; RICHARD S. OSTFELD;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A., email jefoley@ucdavis.edu;

    California Department of Fish and Game, Wildlife Investigations Lab, 1701 Nimbus Road, Rancho Cordova, CA 95670, U.S.A.|Wildlife Health Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A.;

    National Park Service, Biological Resource Management Division, 1201 Oakridge Drive Suite 200, Fort Collins, CO 80525, U.S.A.;

    U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, 2150 Centre Avenue, Building C, Fort Collins, CO 80526, U.S.A.;

    Cary Institute of Ecosystems Studies, Box AB, 2801 Sharon Turnpike, Millbrook, NY 12545, U.S.A.;

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  • 关键词

    emerging infectious disease; extinction; fungal diseaseenfermedad fúngica; enfermedad infecciosa emergente; extinción;

    机译：新兴传染病;灭绝;真菌病;真菌病;新兴传染病;灭绝;

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