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Relations between Urban Bird and Plant Communities and Human Well-Being and Connection to Nature

机译：城市鸟类和植物群落与人类福祉和与自然的联系之间的关系

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Abstract: By 2050, 70% of the world's population will live in urban areas. In many cases urbanization reduces the richness and abundance of native species. Living in highly modified environments with fewer opportunities to interact directly with a diversity of native species may adversely affect residents’ personal well-being and emotional connection to nature. We assessed the personal well-being, neighborhood well-being (a measure of a person's satisfaction with their neighborhood), and level of connection to nature of over 1000 residents in 36 residential neighborhoods in southeastern Australia. We modeled these response variables as a function of natural features of each neighborhood (e.g., species richness and abundance of birds, density of plants, and amount of vegetation cover) and demographic characteristics of surveyed residents. Vegetation cover had the strongest positive relations with personal well-being, whereas residents’ level of connection to nature was weakly related to variation in species richness and abundance of birds and density of plants. Demographic characteristics such as age and level of activity explained the greatest proportion of variance in well-being and connection to nature. Nevertheless, when controlling for variation in demographic characteristics (examples were provided above), neighborhood well-being was positively related to a range of natural features, including species richness and abundance of birds, and vegetation cover. Demographic characteristics and how well-being was quantified strongly influenced our results, and we suggest demography and metrics of well-being must be considered when attempting to determine relations between the urban environment and human well-being.
机译：摘要：到2050年，全世界70％的人口将生活在城市地区。在许多情况下，城市化减少了本地物种的丰富度和丰富度。生活在经过高度修改的环境中，很少有机会直接与多种本地物种互动，这可能会对居民的个人福祉以及与自然的情感联系产生不利影响。我们评估了个人福祉，邻里福祉（衡量人们对邻里的满意度）以及与澳大利亚东南部36个居民区中1000多名居民的自然联系程度的方法。我们将这些响应变量建模为每个邻域的自然特征（例如物种丰富度和鸟类数量，植物密度和植被覆盖量）和被调查居民的人口特征的函数。植被覆盖与个人福祉之间最强的正相关关系，而居民与自然的联系程度与物种丰富度，鸟类丰度和植物密度的变化微弱相关。年龄和活动水平等人口统计学特征解释了幸福感和与自然的联系中最大的变化比例。但是，在控制人口统计学特征的变化时（上面提供了示例），邻里福祉与一系列自然特征成正相关，包括物种的丰富性和鸟类的丰度以及植被的覆盖。人口统计学特征和福祉的量化方式对我们的结果产生了重大影响，我们建议在尝试确定城市环境与人类福祉之间的关系时必须考虑人口统计学和福祉指标。

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