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Producer-Level Benefits of Sustainability Certification

机译：可持续性认证的生产者级利益

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Abstract: Initiatives certifying that producers of goods and services adhere to defined environmental and social-welfare production standards are increasingly popular. According to proponents, these initiatives create financial incentives for producers to improve their environmental, social, and economic performance. We reviewed the evidence on whether these initiatives have such benefits. We identified peer-reviewed, ex post, producer-level studies in economic sectors in which certification is particularly prevalent (bananas, coffee, fish products, forest products, and tourism operations), classified these studies on the basis of whether their design and methods likely generated credible results, summarized findings from the studies with credible results, and considered how these findings might guide future research. We found 46 relevant studies, most of which focused on coffee and forest products and examined fair-trade and Forest Stewardship Council certification. The methods used in 11 studies likely generated credible results. Of these 11 studies, nine examined the economic effects and two the environmental effects of certification. The results of four of the 11 studies, all of which examined economic effects, showed that certification has producer-level benefits. Hence, the evidence to support the hypothesis that certification benefits the environment or producers is limited. More evidence could be generated by incorporating rigorous, independent evaluation into the design and implementation of projects promoting certification.
机译：摘要：证明商品和服务生产者遵守已定义的环境和社会福利生产标准的倡议越来越受欢迎。支持者认为，这些举措为生产者改善其环境，社会和经济绩效创造了经济激励。我们审查了有关这些举措是否具有此类益处的证据。我们确定了在认证最为普遍的经济领域（香蕉，咖啡，鱼产品，林产品和旅游业）中经过同行评审，事后，生产者水平的研究，并根据研究的设计和方法对其进行分类。可能会产生可靠的结果，用可靠的结果总结研究结果，并考虑这些发现如何指导未来的研究。我们发现46项相关研究，其中大部分集中在咖啡和林产品上，并检查了公平贸易和森林管理委员会的认证。 11项研究中使用的方法可能产生可信的结果。在这11项研究中，有9项检查了认证的经济影响，两项检查了认证的环境影响。 11项研究中有4项的结果均检查了经济影响，结果表明认证具有生产者级的好处。因此，支持证明有益于环境或生产者的假设的证据有限。将严格，独立的评估纳入促进认证的项目的设计和实施中，可以产生更多的证据。

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