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首页> 外文期刊>Conservation Biology >Payments for Ecosystem Services as a Framework for Community-Based Conservation in Northern Tanzania
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Payments for Ecosystem Services as a Framework for Community-Based Conservation in Northern Tanzania

机译：坦桑尼亚北部以生态系统服务付款作为基于社区的保护的框架

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Abstract: Payments for ecosystem services (PES) are an increasingly promoted approach to conservation. These approaches seek to develop financial mechanisms that create economic incentives for the maintenance of ecosystems and associated biodiversity by rewarding those who are responsible for provision of ecological services. There are, however, few cases in which such schemes have been used as a strategy for conserving wildlife in developing countries and very few operational examples of such schemes of any sort in sub-Saharan Africa. In savannah ecosystems, large mammal populations generally depend on seasonal use of extensive areas and are widely declining as a result of habitat loss, overexploitation, and policies that limit local benefits from wildlife. Community-based conservation strategies seek to create local incentives for conserving wildlife, but often have limited impact as a result of persistent institutional barriers that limit local rights and economic benefits. In northern Tanzania, a consortium of tourism operators is attempting to address these challenges through an agreement with a village that possesses part of a key wildlife dispersal area outside Tarangire National Park. The operators pay the community to enforce voluntary restrictions on agricultural cultivation and permanent settlement in a defined area of land. The initiative represents a potentially cost-effective framework for community-based conservation in an ecologically important area and is helping to reconcile historically conflicting local and national interests relative to land tenure, pastoralist livelihoods, and conservation. Wider adaptation of payments for ecosystem services approaches to settings where sustaining wildlife populations depends on local stewardship may help address current challenges facing conservation outside state-protected areas in savannah ecosystems in sub-Saharan Africa and other parts of the world.
机译：摘要：生态系统服务付款（PES）是一种日益得到推广的保护方法。这些方法旨在通过奖励负责提供生态服务的人，来发展金融机制，从而为维护生态系统和相关生物多样性创造经济诱因。然而，在少数情况下，此类计划被用作发展中国家的野生动植物保护战略，在撒哈拉以南非洲，几乎没有任何此类计划的可操作实例。在热带草原生态系统中，大型哺乳动物种群通常取决于广阔区域的季节性使用，并且由于栖息地的丧失，过度开发以及限制当地从野生动植物获得利益的政策而在广泛减少。以社区为基础的保护战略力图创造当地保护野生动植物的激励措施，但由于持久的体制障碍限制了当地的权利和经济利益，其影响往往有限。在坦桑尼亚北部，一群旅游经营者正试图通过与一个拥有塔兰吉雷国家公园以外主要野生生物扩散区一部分的村庄达成协议来应对这些挑战。经营者付钱给社区，以在限定的土地上对农业种植和永久定居实行自愿限制。该倡议代表了一个潜在的具有成本效益的框架，用于在重要生态地区进行社区保护，并且正在调和相对于土地保有权，牧民生计和保护而言历史上相互冲突的地方和国家利益。在野生生物种群持续依赖当地管理的环境中，对生态系统服务的付款方式进行更广泛的调整可能有助于解决当前在撒哈拉以南非洲和世界其他地区的热带稀树草原生态系统中国家保护区以外的保护面临的挑战。

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