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首页> 外文期刊>Conservation Biology >Breeding Periodicity for Male Sea Turtles, Operational Sex Ratios, and Implications in the Face of Climate Change
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Breeding Periodicity for Male Sea Turtles, Operational Sex Ratios, and Implications in the Face of Climate Change

机译：雄海龟的繁殖周期，工作性别比以及面对气候变化的影响

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Abstract: Species that have temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) often produce highly skewed offspring sex ratios contrary to long-standing theoretical predictions. This ecological enigma has provoked concern that climate change may induce the production of single-sex generations and hence lead to population extirpation. All species of sea turtles exhibit TSD, many are already endangered, and most already produce sex ratios skewed to the sex produced at warmer temperatures (females). We tracked male loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) from Zakynthos, Greece, throughout the entire interval between successive breeding seasons and identified individuals on their breeding grounds, using photoidentification, to determine breeding periodicity and operational sex ratios. Males returned to breed at least twice as frequently as females. We estimated that the hatchling sex ratio of 70:30 female to male for this rookery will translate into an overall operational sex ratio (OSR) (i.e., ratio of total number of males vs females breeding each year) of close to 50:50 female to male. We followed three male turtles for between 10 and 12 months during which time they all traveled back to the breeding grounds. Flipper tagging revealed the proportion of females returning to nest after intervals of 1, 2, 3, and 4 years were 0.21, 0.38, 0.29, and 0.12, respectively (mean interval 2.3 years). A further nine male turtles were tracked for short periods to determine their departure date from the breeding grounds. These departure dates were combined with a photoidentification data set of 165 individuals identified on in-water transect surveys at the start of the breeding season to develop a statistical model of the population dynamics. This model produced a maximum likelihood estimate that males visit the breeding site 2.6 times more often than females (95%CI 2.1, 3.1), which was consistent with the data from satellite tracking and flipper tagging. Increased frequency of male breeding will help ameliorate female-biased hatchling sex ratios. Combined with the ability of males to fertilize the eggs of many females and for females to store sperm to fertilize many clutches, our results imply that effects of climate change on the viability of sea turtle populations are likely to be less acute than previously suspected.
机译：摘要：具有温度依赖性性别决定（TSD）的物种通常会产生高度偏斜的后代性别比，这与长期以来的理论预测相反。这种生态谜题引起了人们的关注，即气候变化可能会诱发单性世代的生产，从而导致人口灭绝。所有种类的海龟都具有TSD，许多已经濒临灭绝，并且大多数已经产生了与在较高温度下（雌性）产生的性有关的性别比。我们在连续繁殖季节之间的整个时间间隔内追踪了来自希腊扎金索斯州的雄海龟（Caretta caretta），并使用光敏识别技术在其繁殖地上识别了个体，以确定繁殖周期和工作性别比。雄性返回繁殖的频率至少是雌性的两倍。我们估计，该鸟类群中的孵化性别比为70:30的男性将转化为接近50:50的总体可操作性别比（OSR）（即，每年繁殖的雄​​性与雌性的总数之比）对男性。我们追踪了三只雄性海龟10到12个月，在此期间它们全部回到繁殖场。鳍状标签显示，间隔1、2、3和4年后，雌性返回巢的比例分别为0.21、0.38、0.29和0.12（平均间隔2.3年）。在短时间内跟踪了另外九只雄龟，以确定它们离开繁殖场的日期。在育种季节开始时，将这些出发日期与在水样调查中确定的165个人的光识别数据集相结合，以开发种群动态的统计模型。该模型产生的最大可能性估计是，雄性到繁殖地点的频率是雌性的2.6倍（95％CI 2.1、3.1），这与卫星跟踪和鳍状肢标记的数据一致。雄性繁殖频率的提高将有助于改善女性偏爱的孵化率。结合雄性使许多雌性卵受精的能力以及雌性储存精子使许多离合器受精的雌性的能力相结合，我们的结果表明，气候变化对海龟种群生存力的影响可能不像以前所想的那么严重。

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