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首页> 外文期刊>Conservation Biology >Effects of Controlled Fire and Livestock Grazing on Bird Communities in East African Savannas
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Effects of Controlled Fire and Livestock Grazing on Bird Communities in East African Savannas

机译：控制火和放牧对东非热带稀树草原鸟类群落的影响

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Abstract: In East Africa fire and grazing by wild and domestic ungulates maintain savannas, and pastoralists historically set fires and herded livestock through the use of temporary corrals called bomas. In recent decades traditional pastoral practices have declined, and this may be affecting biodiversity. We investigated the effects of prescribed fires and bomas on savanna bird communities in East Africa during the first and second dry seasons of the year (respectively before and after the rains that mark the onset of breeding for most birds). We compared abundance, richness, and community composition on 9-ha burned plots, recently abandoned bomas, and control plots in the undisturbed matrix habitat over a 3-year period. Generally, recently burned areas and abandoned bomas attracted greater densities of birds and had different community assemblages than the surrounding matrix. The effects of disturbances were influenced by interactions between primary productivity, represented by the normalized difference vegetation index, and time. Bird densities were highest and a greater proportion of species was observed on burned plots in the months following the fires. Drought conditions equalized bird densities across treatments within 1 year, and individuals from a greater proportion of species were more commonly observed on abandoned bomas. Yearly fluctuations in abundance were less pronounced on bomas than on burns, which indicate that although fire may benefit birds in the short term, bomas may have a more-lasting positive effect and provide resources during droughts. Several Palearctic migrants were attracted to burned plots regardless of rainfall, which indicates continued fire suppression may threaten their already-declining populations. Most notably, the paucity of birds observed on the controls suggests that the current structure of the matrix developed as a result of fire suppression. Traditional pastoralism appears critical to the maintenance of avian diversity in these savannas.
机译：摘要：在东非，大火和野外​​有蹄类动物的放牧和放牧维持了稀树草原，而牧民历来通过使用临时围栏（放牛）放火并放牧牲畜。在最近的几十年中，传统的放牧方式有所减少，这可能正在影响生物多样性。我们调查了一年中的第一和第二个干燥季节（分别是标志着大多数鸟类开始繁殖的降雨前后）在东部非洲热带稀树草原鸟类群落中，规定的火势和猛禽的影响。我们在3年的时间里，比较了原始土地上9公顷的烧毁土地，最近废弃的牧马场和对照土地上的丰度，丰富度和群落组成。一般而言，最近被烧毁的地区和废弃的马肉吸引的鸟类密度更高，并且群落组成与周围的矩阵不同。干扰的影响受初级生产力（由归一化差异植被指数表示）和时间之间的相互作用影响。火灾后的几个月中，鸟类密度最高，并且在被烧土地上观察到更大比例的物种。干旱条件在1年内使处理过程中的鸟类密度均等，并且在废弃的尸体上更常见观察到来自更大物种的个体。每年，丰满度的波动在烧伤方面没有在烧伤中那么明显，这表明尽管短期内火可能使鸟类受益，但烧伤可能在干旱方面具有更持久的积极作用并提供资源。无论降雨情况如何，数名古北移民都被烧毁的土地吸引，这表明持续的灭火可能威胁到他们已经下降的人口。最值得注意的是，在对照上观察到的鸡只很少，这表明基质的当前结构是灭火的结果。传统的放牧似乎对维持这些稀树草原的鸟类多样性至关重要。

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