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首页> 外文期刊>Geoderma: An International Journal of Soil Science >Limited long-term effects of moderate livestock grazing and prescribed early fire on soil and root processes in Sudanian savanna-woodlands, West Africa
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Limited long-term effects of moderate livestock grazing and prescribed early fire on soil and root processes in Sudanian savanna-woodlands, West Africa

机译：中非苏丹大草原林地土壤和根过程中温和牲畜放牧和规定早期的长期影响

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摘要

Savanna ecosystems are mainly shaped by climate, soil properties and ecological disturbances such as fire and grazing. The biophysical effects of fire and grazing depend both on their intensities and season of occurrence. The long-term effects of fire and grazing on key soil parameters are still largely unknown in West African savanna ecosystems; yet the knowledge of these effects is crucial to our understanding and sustainable management of savanna ecosystems. This study provides scientific evidence of soil responses to both fire and grazing management, and their interactions, based on field-data from two case-studies. The data are drawn from a long-term factorial experiment that has been established since 1992 in two State Forest reserves in Burkina Faso that mainly differ in their soil attributes (i.e. shallow or deep soil). Root biomass, soil CO2 efflux, organic matter content and C/N ratio, and soil water properties were assessed on plots subjected to two different treatments (i.e. moderate grazing and prescribed burning) over a 20 year period. The results indicated that at the site with shallow soil, for both root density and organic matter content there was no significant difference between the studied soil depths (i.e. 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm) nor a significant effect of treatment (both p > 0.05). In contrast, at the site with deep soil, root density increases with soil depth (p = 0.011); it is 5 times higher at depths of between 5 and 10 cm (3.26 +/- 1.24 g/dm(3)) compared to the top 5 cm (0.67 +/- 0.20 g/dm(3)). The organic matter content marginally decreases (p = 0.048) with soil depth. The C/N ratio is higher (p 0.05) under an annual early fire treatment compared to the grazing treatments and control, particularly at the deep soil site. In addition, the CO2 efflux varies significantly with the treatment at the two sites (p 0.004); grazed plots have higher respiration rates than control and burnt plots. Finally, water infiltration rates do not vary significantly with fire and grazing after 20-years of treatment. Our results provide an insight into the long-term effects of fire and grazing on soil water infiltration and soil CO2 fluxes in savanna ecosystems. We conclude that effects of fire and grazing on savanna soil processes are limited. We also highlight our contrasting results between the studied soil attributes across the two sites, providing evidence that depending on site differences, the effects of fire and grazing on soil chemical and water properties might change, suggesting caution when making extrapolation in the context of savanna land use planning and management.
机译：大草原生态系统主要受到气候，土壤性质和生态障碍，如火和放牧。火灾和放牧的生物物理效果依赖于他们的强度和发生的季节。火灾和放牧对关键土壤参数的长期影响仍然在西非大草原生态系统中很大程度上是未知的;然而，这些影响的知识对于我们对大草原生态系统的理解和可持续管理至关重要。本研究提供了对火灾和放牧管理的科学依据，以及两种情况研究的现场数据对消防和放牧管理及其相互作用。该数据是从1992年自1992年建立的长期因子实验中的数据，其中在Burkina Faso的两个国家森林储备中，主要在其土壤属性（即浅或深层土壤）中。在20年期间，对根部生物量，土壤二​​氧化碳流出，有机物质含量和C / N比和土壤水性质进行了两种不同治疗（即中等放牧和处方燃烧）的地块。结果表明，在具有浅土壤的位点，对于根密度和有机质含量，研究的土壤深度（即0-5cm和5-10cm）之间没有显着差异，也没有治疗的显着效果（P > 0.05）。相比之下，在具有深层土壤的遗址，根密度随土壤深度增加（P = 0.011）;与前5厘米（0.67 +/- 0.20g / dm（3））相比，5至10cm的深度为5到10厘米的深度（3.26 +/- 1.24g / dm（3））。有机质含量与土壤深度略微降低（p = 0.048）。与放牧治疗和对照相比，每年早期消防治疗，C / N比率较高（P <0.05），特别是在深土地点。此外，CO2 Efflux在两个位点的治疗中有显着变化（P <0.004）;放牧的图谱比控制和烧坏的呼吸率更高。最后，在20多年的治疗后，水渗透率不会随着火灾和放牧而显着变化。我们的结果探讨了火灾和放牧在粮草生态系统中土壤水渗透和土壤二氧化碳势态的长期影响。我们得出结论，火灾和放牧对大草原土壤过程的影响有限。我们还突出了两位地点研究的土壤属性之间的对比结果，提供了证据，根据现场差异，火灾和放牧对土壤化学物质和水性的影响可能会发生变化，建议在大草原背景下推销时谨慎使用规划和管理。

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