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Material properties of the seal gasket for shield tunnels: A review

机译：盾构隧道用密封垫圈的材料性能：综述

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摘要

This paper reviews the material properties of the seal gaskets of shield tunnels. In order to understand the function of sealing gaskets, the significance and structure of gaskets in tunnel segments are briefly introduced. Then, the material types of gasket are presented. Gasket materials include two categories: (i) the traditional elastic gasket and (ii) the hydrophilic composite elastic gasket. The traditional elastic gasket is composed of chloroprene rubber (CR) and ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM), in which the sealing function is implemented as a result of the elastic properties of the materials. The hydrophilic composite elastic gasket includes vulcanized water swelling rubber (WSR) and water swelling polyurethane (WSP), in which the sealing function is obtained from both the elastic properties and the water absorption ability of the gasket material. CR and EPDM were the earliest materials used in engineering practice; however, EPDM is the main material of the gasket today. The sealing mechanism of both CR and EPDM is presented at the molecule level. After that, the water absorption process for both WSR and WSP in hydrophilic composite is reviewed. Methods to improve the sealing behavior of WSR are also summarized. Furthermore, the aging of the gasket material is discussed. Finally, perspectives for future developments of new materials or ways to improve the performance of seal gaskets are proposed. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：本文综述了盾构隧道密封垫片的材料性能。为了了解密封垫片的功能，简要介绍了隧道段中密封垫片的意义和结构。然后，介绍了垫片的材料类型。垫片材料包括两类：（i）传统弹性垫片和（ii）亲水性复合弹性垫片。传统的弹性垫圈由氯丁橡胶（CR）和乙丙二烯橡胶（EPDM）组成，由于材料的弹性，密封功能得以实现。亲水性复合弹性垫片包括硫化水溶胀橡胶（WSR）和水溶胀聚氨酯（WSP），其中，密封功能是由垫片材料的弹性和吸水能力获得的。 CR和EPDM是工程实践中使用的最早材料。但是，EPDM是当今垫圈的主要材料。 CR和EPDM的密封机理都在分子水平上提出。在此之后，回顾了亲水性复合材料中WSR和WSP的吸水过程。还总结了改善WSR密封性能的方法。此外，讨论了垫片材料的老化。最后，提出了新材料或改进密封垫片性能的方法的未来发展展望。 （C）2018 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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