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Formulation and performance of grouting materials for underwater shield tunnel construction in karst ground

机译：岩溶地层水下盾构隧道注浆材料配方与性能

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Grouting is one of most important techniques for underwater tunnelling in karst ground which is actually difficult to be resolved due to the presence of underground water flow. This paper proposed a new grouting material to fill karst caverns when there is flowing underground water prior to shield tunnel construction. The grout uses bentonite and cement as the base material, and a curing agent were added to form excellent fluidity, stability and scour resistance. The effects of the composition and formulation on the performance of the grouting material, and the optimal formulations were determined through a series of laboratory experiments. The recommended parameters for the grout are a specific gravity for the bentonite slurry from 1.30 to 1.35, a cement content of 30%, a meta-aluminate content of 1.25% and a lignin content of 0.20%. The effectiveness of the hardened cement-bentonite grouting material (HCBGM) was checked by a field grouting application for a underwater shield tunneling in karst area, and the results illustrated that the proposed grouting material not only can fulfill the engineering requirements but also turns out cost effective and eco-friendly. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：灌浆是岩溶地下水下隧道施工中最重要的技术之一，由于存在地下水流，实际上很难解决。本文提出了一种新的灌浆材料，用于在盾构隧道施工之前，当地下水流过时填充岩溶洞穴。该水泥浆以膨润土和水泥为基材，并添加了固化剂以形成出色的流动性，稳定性和耐冲刷性。通过一系列实验室实验确定了组成和配方对灌浆材料性能的影响以及最佳配方。推荐的灌浆参数是膨润土浆的比重为1.30至1.35，水泥含量为30％，间铝酸盐含量为1.25％，木质素含量为0.20％。通过在岩溶地区水下盾构隧道的现场注浆应用中检验了硬化水泥-膨润土注浆材料（HCBGM）的有效性，结果表明所提出的注浆材料不仅可以满足工程要求，而且可以降低成本有效且环保。 （C）2018 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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