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Beyond carbocations: Synthesis, structure and reactivity of heavier Group 14 element cations

机译：除碳正离子外：更重的14族元素阳离子的合成，结构和反应性

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摘要

Carbocations represent one of the most active organic compounds. Many efforts have been paid in extending the chemistry of carbocations down the group to the heavier elements (Si, Ge, Sn and Pb). It has long been known that elements in a group share very similar properties, such as the coordination geometry and reactivity. The first results on heavier Group 14 element cations that appeared at the end of the past century corroborated this rule. However, a large number of novel heavier Group 14 element cations, many of which displayed very different coordination geometry and frontier orbital configurations compared to classical carbocations, have been synthesized in recent years utilizing specially designed ligands. As a result of the novel structure and frontier orbital configuration, some of the newly reported heavier Group 14 element cations have been used in catalysis, bond activation and small molecule activation. This review focused on the survey of synthesis, structure and reactivity of the recently reported heavier Group 14 element cations. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：碳阳离子代表活性最高的有机化合物之一。在将碳阳离子的化学作用扩展到较重的元素（Si，Ge，Sn和Pb）方面，已经付出了许多努力。早就知道组中的元素共享非常相似的属性，例如配位几何形状和反应性。上个世纪末出现的有关较重的14族元素阳离子的第一个结果证实了这一规则。然而，近年来，利用特殊设计的配体已经合成了许多新颖的较重的第14族元素阳离子，与传统的碳正离子相比，其中许多元素显示出非常不同的配位几何和前沿的轨道构型。由于具有新颖的结构和前沿的轨道构型，一些新近报道的较重的14族元素阳离子已用于催化，键活化和小分子活化。这篇综述集中于对最近报道的较重的第14族元素阳离子的合成，结构和反应性的调查。 （C）2016 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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