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Arsenic transfer and biotransformation in a fully characterized freshwater food web

机译：充分表征的淡水食物网中的砷转移和生物转化

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X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) was combined with ICP-MS to understand arsenic transfer and transformation within the freshwater Montezuma Well (central Arizona, USA) food web. Montezuma Well water contains 110 mu gL(-1) arsenic (100% H3AsO4), which was shown previously to originate from ore deposits approximately 30 km to the west, and transported underground to enter Montezuma Well through vents in the bottom of this collapsed travertine spring. The Montezuma Well food web contains three trophic levels with only five organisms in the top two levels, making it possible to account for the arsenic in >90% of the biomass of the food web. Arsenic diminution generally occurs between trophic levels, with 702 mg kg(-1) As in the primary producers, 3.4 mg kg(-1) As in the second trophic level, and <1.3 mg kg(-1) As for the top-tier of the littoral zone food web. A notable exception to the biodiminution trend is the very high total arsenic content (2810 mg kg(-1)) of Motobdella montezuma, an endemic leech and top predator. The biotransformed (sulfur-coordinated) arsenic in M. montezuma appears to be present almost entirely on the surface of the organism, possibly suggesting a detoxification mechanism. XANES sample spectra were fit by a linear combination of model arsenic compound spectra and indicated that arsenic enters the food web from the Well water entirely as inorganic As(V) and is transformed within the food web into more reduced and organic arsenic species, including sulfur-coordinated and methylated compounds. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：将近边缘光谱仪（XANES）的X射线吸收与ICP-MS结合使用，以了解淡水Montezuma井（美国亚利桑那州中部）的食物网中砷的转移和转化。蒙特祖玛井水含有110μgL（-1）砷（100％H3AsO4），先前已证明它来自向西约30公里的矿床，并通过该坍塌的钙华底部的通风口运入地下进入蒙特祖玛井。弹簧。蒙特祖玛油井的食物网包含三个营养级别，而前两个级别仅包含五个生物，这使得食物网中生物量中> 90％的砷成为可能。砷的减少通常发生在营养水平之间，主要生产国的砷含量为702 mg kg（-1），第二营养水平的砷含量为3.4 mg kg（-1），而最高营养水平的<1.3 mg kg（-1）沿岸食物网层。生物减量趋势的一个显着例外是极高的总水ech和顶级捕食者Motobdella montezuma的总砷含量很高（2810 mg kg（-1））。 Montezuma中的生物转化（硫配位）砷似乎几乎完全存在于生物体表面，这可能表明了解毒机理。 XANES样品光谱通过模型砷化合物光谱的线性组合进行拟合，表明砷完全以无机As（V）的形式从井水中进入食物网，并在食物网中转化为更多还原的有机砷物种，包括硫-配位和甲基化的化合物。 （C）2015 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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