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首页> 外文期刊>Current Immunology Reviews >Bacterial Infections of the Central Nervous System: A Critical Role for Resident Glial Cells in the Initiation and Progression of Inflammation
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Bacterial Infections of the Central Nervous System: A Critical Role for Resident Glial Cells in the Initiation and Progression of Inflammation

机译：中枢神经系统的细菌感染：胶质细胞在炎症的发生和发展中的关键作用。

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摘要

While bacterial infections of the central nervous system (CNS) constitute a group of serious and often life threatening diseases, the pathophysiology of these diseases remains poorly understood. Resident glia have traditionally been considered to be victim cells during bacterial infections, but it has become increasingly apparent that resident cells of the CNS have the potential to contribute to the initiation and/or progression of inflammatory host responses following bacterial invasion of the brain. Microglia and astrocytes have the ability to perceive bacterial pathogens and assume many of the functions of systemic immune cells following challenge. These responses include the production of large quantities of cytokines and chemokines that can precipitate recruitment of leukocytes into the CNS, and the expression of cell surface molecules that can initiate antigen-specific activation of these immune cells. In this article, we describe the most common clinical manifestations of bacterial infections in the brain and discuss the methods utilized by bacterial pathogens to breach the blood-brain-barrier. Furthermore, we outline the inflammatory responses associated with such infections, and discuss the potential role of resident glial cells in the pathogenesis of bacterially induced CNS disorders.
机译：尽管中枢神经系统（CNS）的细菌感染构成了一组严重且经常威胁生命的疾病，但对这些疾病的病理生理学仍知之甚少。传统上认为，在细菌感染期间，居民神经胶质细胞是受害细胞，但是越来越明显的是，CNS的驻留细胞具有在细菌侵入大脑后促进炎症宿主反应的起始和/或发展的潜力。小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞具有感知细菌病原体的能力，并在攻击后承担全身免疫细胞的许多功能。这些反应包括大量细胞因子和趋化因子的产生，这些细胞因子和趋化因子可以促使白细胞募集到CNS中，以及细胞表面分子的表达可以启动这些免疫细胞的抗原特异性活化。在本文中，我们描述了脑部细菌感染的最常见临床表现，并讨论了细菌病原体利用其突破血脑屏障的方法。此外，我们概述了与此类感染相关的炎症反应，并讨论了神经胶质细胞在细菌性中枢神经系统疾病发病机理中的潜在作用。

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