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Lipid-Based Membrane Microdomains in T Cell Activation

机译：T细胞活化中基于脂质的膜微区。

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The immune system is able to mount an immune response against antigens present in the body at very low concentrations and, at the same time, to discriminate precisely between an infectious stimulus and a non-infectious one. During T cell activation, this sensitivity and specificity are achieved by mechanisms of sustained interactions with antigen-presenting cells (APC) as well as by tunable activation thresholds and signal modulation. Thus, in addition to the interaction between the T cell receptor (TCR) and its ligand, T cell activation depends on the combination of many other events involving costimulatory and inhibitory receptors, actin cytoskeleton and lipid membrane microdomains. Lipid rafts, shingolipid- and cholesterol-rich membrane microdomains, seem to be primarily involved in initiation and propagation of the signal transduction cascade associated to lymphocyte activation and might be used by T cells to fine-tune their immune responsiveness. In this article, we discuss recent results indicating that rafts are responsible for the spatial and temporal organization of the T cell signal transduction.
机译：免疫系统能够针对极低浓度的人体抗原发起免疫反应，同时能够准确区分感染性刺激和非感染性刺激。在T细胞激活过程中，这种敏感性和特异性是通过与抗原呈递细胞（APC）持续相互作用的机制以及可调节的激活阈值和信号调制来实现的。因此，除了T细胞受体（TCR）与其配体之间的相互作用之外，T细胞活化还取决于许多其他事件的组合，这些事件涉及共刺激和抑制受体，肌动蛋白细胞骨架和脂质膜微区。脂筏，富含类脂脂和胆固醇的膜微区，似乎主要参与与淋巴细胞活化有关的信号转导级联反应的起始和传播，可能被T细胞用来微调其免疫反应性。在本文中，我们讨论了最近的结果，这些结果表明筏是T细胞信号转导的时空组织的原因。

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