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Origin of body axes in the mouse embryo

机译：小鼠胚胎体轴的起源

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How and at what stage of development are the axes of the body determined? The left-right axis of the mouse embryo is generated de novo at embryonic day (E) 8.0 in a manner dependent on pre-existing positional cues. The anterior-posterior (A-P) axis becomes apparent earlier when distally located visceral endoderm migrates toward the future anterior side at E5.5. The direction of this migration is predetermined by asymmetric expression of Leftyl and Cerli (Cerberus-like 1). Asymmetric expression of Leftyl takes place even earlier, in the primitive endoderm of the implanting blastocyst, pushing back the origin of the A-P axis to the peri-implantation stage. Although its functional significance remains to be seen, studies on how this molecular asymmetry emerges may provide insight into the origin of A-P polarity. The first cell fate decision occurs by the morula stage. Although blastomeres at the two-cell or four-cell stage may have biased fates, it is currently unknown whether this bias has any causal relation to later fate.
机译：身体的轴是如何确定的以及在哪个发育阶段被确定？小鼠胚胎的左右轴是在胚胎日（E）8.0从头产生的，其方式取决于现有的位置提示。当位于远处的内脏内胚层在E5.5处朝向未来的前侧迁移时，前后轴（A-P）变得更早。这种迁移的方向是通过Leftyl和Cerli（类Cerberus 1）的不对称表达预先确定的。在植入的胚泡的原始内胚层中，Leftyl的不对称表达甚至发生得更早，从而将A-P轴的原点推回植入期。尽管其功能意义尚待观察，但有关这种分子不对称性如何出现的研究可能会提供对A-P极性起源的深入了解。第一个细胞命运决定发生在桑ula壳阶段。尽管处于两细胞或四细胞阶段的卵裂球的命运可能存在偏差，但目前尚不清楚这种偏差是否与以后的命运有因果关系。

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