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Logical Structure of Environment and Its Internal Representation

机译：环境的逻辑结构及其内部表示

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It is for the cultural anthropologists to explain the great popularity of a recent publication (Ardrey, 1961) that bases man's evolutionary success on his alleged intrinsic habit to kill and to destroy. Since this belief is contrary to the thesis on which my paper today rests, I hope you will forgive me if I open my remarks with an apparently unpopular confession: In contrast to the tenets of some self-appointed apostles of the glories of annihilation and destruction, I believe that love, not hatred and mutual killing, is the mainspring of man's cultural and spiritual evolution. Clearly you will not let me get away with such an outrageous assertion, without sufficient evidence to support my proposition. To this end permit me to translate this assertion into somewhat more scientific terms. This can be done most advantageously in terms of a fast developing, fascinating branch of mathematics, namely "game theory." This theory deals, among other game situations, with decision-making under insufficient information, determining those moves of a player which would give him maximum gain with minimum risk. In the particular case where a group of players have to play against a not completely determinable opponent-as man in his struggle against the partly unpredictable forces of nature-it can be easily shown that a "coalition structure" is much stronger than a "competitive structure." By "stronger" I mean that the pay-off per element is higher; and my assertion that a coalition structure is stronger than a competitive structure refers to the fact that two elements jointly can do things which the two elements separately can never achieve. In other words, by joining, each element gets more out of the deal than if it remains single. As trivial examples of advantages of coalitions, may I point to man's social build up during historical time, his vigorous urbanization in recent centuries, and his extensive development of the means of mass communication. Although this observation is almost trivial there are two facets which are-in my eyes-of considerable importance.
机译：这是文化人类学家要解释的最新出版物（Ardrey，1961年）的广泛流行，该出版物将人类的进化成功建立在所谓的杀死和破坏的固有习惯上。由于这种信念与我今天的论文所基于的论点背道而驰，所以我希望你对我的言论显然不受欢迎，请原谅我：与某些自命为灭绝和毁灭荣耀的使徒的宗旨相反，我相信爱，而不是仇恨和相互杀戮，是人类文化和精神进化的主要动力。显然，在没有足够证据支持我的主张的情况下，您不会让我摆脱如此离谱的主张。为此，请允许我将此主张转化为更科学的术语。就快速发展的，令人着迷的数学分支，即“博弈论”而言，这可以最有利地完成。除其他游戏情况外，该理论还涉及在信息不足的情况下进行决策，从而确定玩家的举动，从而以最小的风险获得最大的收益。在特定的情况下，一群玩家必须与一个无法完全确定的对手对抗-就像他在与部分不可预测的自然力量作斗争时-很容易地表明，“联盟结构”比“竞争性”要强大得多。结构体。” “更强”是指每个元素的收益更高；我断言联盟结构比竞争结构更强大是指这样一个事实，即两个要素共同可以做这两个要素永远无法实现的事情。换句话说，通过加入，与保持单个元素相比，每个元素都会带来更多收益。作为联盟优势的琐碎例子，我可以指出人类在历史时期的社会建设，他在最近几个世纪的蓬勃城市化以及他在大众传播手段方面的广泛发展。尽管这种观察几乎是微不足道的，但在我看来，有两个方面非常重要。

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  • 来源
    《Cybernetics & Human Knowing》 |2011年第4期|p.45-62|共18页
  • 作者

    Heinz von Foerster;

  • 作者单位

    BCL Report # 96 originally published in 1962 by the University of Illinois, Champaign-Urbana.;

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