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首页> 外文期刊>Cytology and genetics >Nucleus Fragmentations in Diploid-Polyploid Populations of Spined-Loaches of the Genus Cobitis Linnaeus, 1758
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Nucleus Fragmentations in Diploid-Polyploid Populations of Spined-Loaches of the Genus Cobitis Linnaeus, 1758

机译：脊髓灰质炎梭形泥ache的二倍体-多倍体种群的核破碎，1758年

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摘要

Analysis of 11 diploid-polyploid samples of spined loaches of the genus Cobitis from the aquatic systems of Ukraine showed that the increase in the number of micronuclei in red blood cells positively correlates with the ploidy and cell size. In diploid individuals of parental species, micronuclei cells average 0.12%, whereas they average 0.52, 1.39, and 4.72% in hybrid triploids, tetraploids, and probable pentaploids, respectively. Since triploid and tetraploid specimens in joint colonies tend to prevail over diploid ones, it can be concluded that minor disturbances in the genetic apparatus do not significantly affect the fitness, whereas an increase in the number of chromosomal sets over four is already accompanied by dysfunctions critical to normal life activity. Apparently, it is this circumstance that has led to the absence or extreme rarity of the pentaploid states in the clonal vertebrates, whereas penta-, hexa-, octo-, and even decaploid states are common in the lower invertebrates, for example earthworms. The latter is probably due to the fact that the minimum size of the genome in earthworms is several times smaller than in teleosts, which allows lower invertebrates to increase the number of chromosomal sets by more than fourfold.
机译：分析来自乌克兰水生系统的11种Cobitis纺丝泥ache的二倍体-多倍体样品，结果表明红细胞中微核数量的增加与倍性和细胞大小呈正相关。在亲本物种的二倍体个体中，微核细胞平均为0.12％，而在杂交三倍体，四倍体和可能的五倍体中分别为0.52、1.39和4.72％。由于关节菌落中的三倍体和四倍体标本往往比二倍体标本更占优势，因此可以得出结论，遗传装置中的细微扰动不会显着影响适应性，而超过四个染色体组的数量已经伴有严重的功能障碍进行正常的生活活动。显然，正是这种情况导致克隆脊椎动物中五倍体状态的缺失或极少见，而五倍体，六倍体，十倍体甚至十倍体状态在下部无脊椎动物（例如earth）中很常见。后者可能是由于the中基因组的最小大小比硬骨鱼中的最小几倍，这使得较低的无脊椎动物将染色体组的数量增加了四倍以上。

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