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Supply Chains in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Decision Support System for Small-Scale Seed Entrepreneurs

机译：撒哈拉以南非洲地区的供应链：小型种子企业家的决策支持系统

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摘要

It is necessary to infuse a consistent supply of improved seed varieties into local sub-Saharan African crop production to improve low crop yields. The best distribution channel for the improved seed varieties may be small-scale commercial seed companies, but local entrepreneurs struggle to determine whether such businesses are viable. Using a multi-echelon supply chain approach, a decision support system (DSS) was designed to help African seed entrepreneurs make informed decisions about small-scale seed chain businesses. Specifically, entrepreneurs make decisions about where to locate seed enterprises, with which farmers to contract, and where to store seed. Optimization and simulation modeling are used to evaluate infrastructure variables such as distance, transportation cost, and storage loss and cost in three development level areas. Currently, the decision tool is used in Mozambique, Malawi, Kenya, and Tanzania. The model has supported the start-up of at least 17 small seed companies that are now introducing improved seed varieties into villages and farms. The DSS applies decision science research in a humanitarian application and offers important managerial implications about supply chain infrastructure to nongovernmental organizations and humanitarian groups. Such applications are vital as groups such as USAID, the Gates Foundation, and the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) continue to move toward micro-enterprise, value chain, and market-oriented development programs.
机译：必须向撒哈拉以南非洲当地的作物生产中不断注入改良种子品种，以提高农作物的单产。改良种子品种的最佳分销渠道可能是小型商业种子公司，但当地企业家难以确定此类业务是否可行。使用多级供应链方法，设计了决策支持系统（DSS），以帮助非洲种子企业家做出有关小型种子链业务的明智决策。具体来说，企业家决定种子企业的位置，与之签约的农民以及种子的存储位置。优化和仿真模型用于评估三个开发级别区域中的基础结构变量，例如距离，运输成本以及存储损耗和成本。当前，该决策工具已在莫桑比克，马拉维，肯尼亚和坦桑尼亚使用。该模型为至少17家小型种子公司的启动提供了支持，这些公司现在将改良的种子品种引入乡村和农场。 DSS将决策科学研究应用于人道主义应用中，并为非政府组织和人道主义团体提供有关供应链基础设施的重要管理建议。随着诸如美国国际开发署，盖茨基金会和国际半干旱热带作物研究所（ICRISAT）之类的团体继续向微型企业，价值链和面向市场的发展计划迈进，此类应用至关重要。

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