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Surrogate warfare: the art of war in the 21st century?

机译：替代战争：21世纪的战争艺术？

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Airpower, drones and cyber-weapons are employed by states in conjunction with local armed non-state actors in an effort to coercively intervene in the crises of the twenty-first century. While the externalization of the burden of warfare is a return to pre-modern war, it is the change in the underlying socio-political relations between the state and its military agent that is a novel phenomenon in surrogate warfare. This article demonstrates that in a post-Westphalian era characterized by non-state violence, globalized conflicts, a prioritization of risk management in a mediatized environment, the state has to explore new ways to remain relevant as the primary communal security provider. Thereby, the organization of violence has departed from the employment of the state's soldier as the primary bearer of the burden of warfare to a mode of war where technological and human surrogates enable the state to manage the risks of postmodern conflict remotely. In this article, we conceptually explore surrogate warfare as a socio-political phenomenon within the context of globalized, privatized, securitized and mediatized war.
机译：各国与当地的武装非政府组织一起使用空中力量，无人机和网络武器，以强制性地干预二十一世纪的危机。战争负担的外部化是对前现代战争的回归，但国家与军事代理人之间潜在的社会政治关系的变化是替代战争中的一种新现象。本文表明，在以非国家暴力，全球化冲突，在中介环境中优先考虑风险管理为特征的后威斯特伐利亚时代，国家必须探索新的方式来保持作为主要公共安全提供者的重要性。因此，暴力的组织方式已经从雇用国家士兵作为战争负担的主要承担者转变为一种战争方式，在这种战争方式中，技术和人类替代手段使国家可以远程管理后现代冲突的风险。在本文中，我们在全球化，私有化，证券化和中介化战争的背景下，从概念上探讨替代战争是一种社会政治现象。

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